SS Chapters 1-2 test

Ice Age

Earth's water formed huge sheets of ice, or glaciers

Altahualpa

The Incan god or King

Migration

the movement of a large number of people into a new area

Civilizations

highly developed societies

Mayans

A great civilization that thrived in the jungle and were great farmers and builders

Terraces

The Inca used this method a broad platform of flat land cut into a slope

Aztecs

A military empire originally called chi-chi mecs

Strait

a narrow water passage between larger bodies of water

Irrigated

to supply water to crops by artificial means

Adobe

dried mud bricks used to build homes

Iroquois

one complex society that existed in the woodlands of east North America; they lived near Canada in what is now New York State who promoted peace

Artifacts

a tool, weapon, or other object left behind by early people

Archaeology

the study of material remains of ancient peoples

Cultures

a people’s shared values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors

Immunity

resistance to disease

Crusades

one of the series of expeditions Europeans made to regain control of Christian holy sites in the Middle East from the A.D.1000s to the 1200s

Christopher Columbus

Born in Genoa, Italy, in 1451, he became a sailor for Portugal. He traveled as far north as the Arctic Circle and as far south as Africa's Gold Coast. To reach Asia, he had a different route in mind than the one used by his Portuguese comrades. He planned to sail west.

Prince Henry the Navigator

laid the foundation for the era of exploration. Planned the voyages and then analyzed the reports that his crews brought home.

Renaissance

a reawakening of culture and intellectual curiosity in Europe from the 1300s to the 1600s

Pilgrimage

a journey to a holy place

Astrolabe

an instrument used to plan a course, using the stars

7) Compass

an instrument that shows the direction of magnetic north

8) Conquistadors

Spanish explorer in the Americas during the 1500s. They searched for gold and spread the catholic faith

9) Immunity

resistance of an organism to infection or disease

10) Missions

a religious community where farming was carried out and Native Americans were converted to Christianity

11) Pueblos

great stone dwellings or villages.

12) Presidio

a fort

13) Reformation

change

14) Hernan Cortes

European trying to spread Christianity and in search of gold

15) Moctezuma

Aztec king

16) Ferdinand Magellan

a Portuguese explorer who reached a calm ocean and named it the Pacific Ocean. His crew were the first people known to sail around the world.

17) Northwest Passage

a sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, located along the north coast of North America

18) The Columbian Exchange

named after Columbus, European explorers who brought together parts of the world to exchange goods, ideas, and even diseases with the Americas