C19T2P1: Britain's industrial revolution

agrarian (a) /əˈɡreriən/

= farming, agricultural, rural

relating to farming and the use of land for farming

steam power (n)

động cơ hơi nước

textile (n)

ngành dệt may

an industrialised, urban society (n)

Xã hội công nghiệp hóa, đô thị hóa

iron-making (n)

luyện sắt

industry (n)

= business, sector, trade

ngành công nghiệp

foundation (n)

-> lay the foundations for sth

đặt nền móng cho

originally (adv)

= first, initially, at first

ban đầu

power (v)

= drive, operate

to supply a machine or vehicle with the energy that makes it work

manufacturer (n) ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərər/

= producer, maker, factory owner

-> work with a manufacturer

hợp tác với nhà sản xuất

drive sth (v)

= power, move, operate

to provide the power that makes a machine work; to operate a device

stroke (n) /strəʊk/

= movement, push, pull

gear mechanism (n) /ˈmekənɪzəm/

cơ cấu bánh răng

rotary motion (n) /ˈrəʊtəri/

= circular movement

chuyển động quay

innovation in sth (n)

= invention, new idea, new development

-> a key innovation

a new idea, way of doing something, etc. that has been introduced or discovered

spread across industries (v)

Lan rộng trong các ngành công nghiệp

run (v)

= manage

điều hành, quản lý

canal (n)

kênh đào

prior to (adv)

= before, ahead of, leading up to

before sth

a cottage industry (n)

hoạt động snar xuất quy mô nhỏ tại hộ gia đình

spinner (n)

người kéo sợi

weaver (n)

người dệt vải

dyer (n)

thợ nhuộm (vải)

labour (n)

the people who work or are available for work in a country or company

meet customer demand (v)

Đáp ứng nhu cầu khách hàng

undergo sth (v)

= experience, go through, endured

to experience something, especially a change or something unpleasant

adopt (v) /əˈdɑːpt/

-> adopt new techniques

to start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towards somebody/something

chief (a)

most important

steel (n)

thép

in response to sth/ sb

= in reply to, in return for, responding to

đáp ứng

patent (v) /ˈpætnt/

= get the rights to, make it official, make it their own

to get the official legal right to make or sell an invention - độc quyền

commercial (a)

relating to the buying and selling of goods and services - thuộc về buôn bán, thương mại

telegraph system (n)

hệ thống điện báo

a means of avoid collisions (n) /kəˈlɪʒn/

phương tiện để tránh va chạm

immense (a)

= huge, vast, enormous

extremely large or great

accelerate (v) /əkˈseləreɪt/

= speed up, increase, quicken

to happen faster or earlier; to make something happen faster or earlier

dramatically (adv)

= significantly, greatly, considerably

Một cách đột ngột và rất lớn, thường gây ngạc nhiên

inadequate (a) /ɪnˈædɪkwət/

= insufficient, lacking, deficient

~ lacked sufficient

not enough; not good enough

sanitation (n) /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/

the equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste

economic output (n)

= production, wealth, goods and services

pace of sth (n)

-> pace of change

the speed at which something happens

fuel (v) /ˈfjuːəl/

= power, drive, motivate

→ Most electric plants in California are fuelled by natural gas.

o supply something with material that can be burnt to produce heat or power

opposition to sb/sth (n) /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃn/

= disagreement

-> fuel opposition to industrialisation

sự phản đối

object to sb/sth (v)

= oppose, protest, disagree with

to say that you disagree with or oppose something

rob somebody/something (of something) (v)

-> rob them of their livelihood

to steal money or property from a person or place

livelihood (n) /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

= way of life, mean of living, income

Sinh kế : Cách thức kiếm tiền để duy trì cuộc sống.

break into (pv)

= get into, go into, enter illegally

to enter a building by force; to open a car, etc. by force

smash (v)

= break, destroy, shatter

→ The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces.

đập mạnh, phá vỡ

apprentice (n) /əˈprentɪs/

người học việc, người học việc

wreck (v)

to damage or destroy something

uprising (n) /ˈʌpraɪzɪŋ/

cuộc khởi nghĩa

be punishable by death

bị trừng phạt bằng án tử

unrest (n)

sự bất ổn

mill (n)

nhà máy

arrest (v)

bắt giữ, tạm giam

hang (v)

treo cổ

resistance had all but vanished

Sự kháng cự gần như đã biến mất hoàn toàn

sector (n)

giai cấp