GI Disorder Medications

GI disorders

GERD, peptic ulcer disease

GI disorder class of medications

common --> antiacids, H2 receptor antagonist, proton pump inhibitors

other --> mucosal protectant, prostaglandin E, potassium-competitive acid blockers, antibiotics

antacids example

calcium carbonate, aluminum/magnesium hydroxide

calcium carbonate, aluminum/magnesium hydroxide MOA

neutralize acid in the stomach and inhibit action of pepsin; treat dyspepsia, heartburn, GERD, PUD

calcium carbonate, aluminum/magnesium hydroxide contraindications

allergy to components, renal disease (do not take containing potassium, magnesium, aluminum), caution to patients with HF, edema, renal calculi, hyperparathyroidism (sodium/calcium sensitive conditions)

calcium carbonate, aluminum/magnesium hydroxide side/adverse effects

side = constipation (calcium/aluminum), diarrhea (magnesium), nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, flatulence

adverse = hypercalcemia (calcium), hypophosphotemia (aluminum), renal calculi/kidney stones

h2 receptor antagonist examples

famotidine, cimetidine

famotidine/cimetidine MOA

block histamine receptors on parietal cells to suppress gastric acid secretion; treat heartburn, GERD, PUD, hypersecretory disorder

famotidine/cimetidine contraindications

hypersensitivity

famotidine/cimetidine side/adverse effect

side = drowsiness, headache, constipation, diarrhea

adverse = medication-induced hepatitis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, confusion; prolong use and high doses increase risk of rare adverse effect

proton pump inhibitor example

pantoprozole, omeprazole

pantoprozole/omeprazole MOA

block hydrogen-potassium-ATPase enzyme to stop gastric acid production; treat GERD, prevent and treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, erosive, esophagitis, hypersecretory disorder

pantoprozole/omeprazole contraindications

hypersensitivity to benzimidazoles, precaution to patient that are pregnant/breastfeeding or have liver impairment, and intake with phenytoin, warfarin, diazepam

pantoprozole/omeprazole side/adverse effect

side = headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence

adverse = bone fracture, c. diff infection, vitamin B12 deficiency, magnesium/calcium deficiency

mucosal protectant example

sucralfate

sucralfate MOA

forms a thick paste that adheres to ulcer; treat duodenal ulcer

sucralfate contraindication

hypersensitivity

sucralfate side/adverse effect

side = constipation

adverse = hyperglycemia

prostoglandin e analog example

misoprostol

misoprostol MOA

inhibit gastric production by increasing production of protective mucus; treat and prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcer

misoprostol contraindications

pregnancy, hypersensitivity

misoprostol side/adverse effect

side = diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, uterine cramping, spotting

adverse = miscarriage, teratogenic

potassium-competitive acid blockers example

vonoprazan

vonoprazan MOA

block acid secretion; treatment for peptic ulcer caused by H. pylori, maintenance of healed erosive esophagitis along with one or more antibiotic medications

vonoprazan contraindications

hypersensitivity, decreased renal/hepatic function

vonoprazan side/adverse effect

side = hypertension, diarrhea, vaginal yeast infection, abdominla pain

adverse = steven-johnson syndrome, c. diff, toxic epidermal necrolysis

antibiotic examples

amoxicillin

amoxicillin MOA

cause bacterial death by binding to bacterial cell wall; treat ulcer from H.pylori, bacterial infections

amoxicillin contraindications

hypersensitivity to penicillin

amoxicillin side/adverse effects

side = diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

adverse = steven-johnson syndrome, seizures