Occupational Science Mid term

Occupation

the everyday activities that people do as individuals, in families, and with communities that bring meaning and purpose to life

Activity

a form of action that is objective and NOT related to a specific clients

Example of activity

Making a sandwich

Example of occupation

making a sandwich for a child

tasks

Components, or parts, that make up larger activities or occupations

What do occupations include

Context, culture, Meaning or purpose, performance patterns, Performance skills, Client factors

Context

Environment and personal factors

Performance patterns

Habits, roles, routines, rituals

Clients factors

values, beliefs, spirituality, body functions, body structures

Analysis

Addresses the typical demands of an activity, the range of skills involved in its performance

What we learn from activity analysis

The tools, equipment, space, and time that is needed, where and with whom the activity takes place

Activity Awareness

What are we looking at and analyzing

Type

What type of analysis are we conducting ( Activity or occupational analysis)

Relevance & Importance

Is it occupation based?

Objects and Properties

what tools, supplies and equipment are needed?

Space

What is the space needed to do an activity?

Social Demands

who is the activity performed with?

Required body functions

what body functions are needed

Body structures

What body parts are needed

Performance skills

what actions are needed

Analysis for Therapeutic intervention

Treatment to improve the persons well being

Why was USC so important for OT

Wanted to return to the roots of OT, created the first doctoral program in OS

Well Elderly study

Determined that preventive occupational therapy greatly enhances the health and quality of life of independent living older adults

SSO:USA

Society for the Study of Occupation: USA

WFOT

World Federation of Occupational Therapists

Paradigm of Occupation

WWI and helping returning veterans

Mechanistic Paradigm

Aligned with the medical mind

Contemporary Paradigm

shift back to occupational science

Basic vs. Applied

Occupational science is a basic science (created from the ground up)

Quantitative vs. Qualitative

we set out to be quantitative first (better numbers will be taken more seriously

Disability vs Wellness

Wellness comes first. " We can work with anyone (disabled or well) to enhance their skills

Occupational Science

the study of the human as an occupational being including the need for a capacity to engage in and orchestrate daily occupations in the environment over the lifespan

What are the 4 principles of OS

We need to study occupation, humans have a need to do things in order to be healthy, occupations can make you healthy or unhealthy and helps you to grow, the active engagement in doing

Uniform Terminology

Had 3 editions, first evolution of the OTPF

OTPF: Domain and Process

Used language from the WHO

OTPF 4

added health management, and interventions to support occupations

Generative Discourse

Developing and using language

Demonstration sites

how this looks in practice (walking the walk)

Effective Education

Ensuring OTS can effectively use occupation in practice

Addition vs Multiplication

OT are not simply adding to someones life, They are multiplying what a person can do

Reflection

Looking back at the occupation to see if there are any drawbacks

Health

The state of being free from illness or injury

Disability

A physical or mental condition that limits a persons movements, sense or activities

Wellness

A state of being in good health; especially as an actively pursued goal

Occupational Dysfunction

When someone cannot engage in the occupations they want to engage in. ( can be due to physical or mental disease)

Doing

What we do.

Being

Present version of ourselves

Becoming

The future version of ourselves

Storytelling

We hear the clients story about their roles, who they are

Story making

As we work with them, we are creating a new story for the client

Example of storytelling and story making

Thanksgiving, meal prep, family are all important to the client (Storytelling), we give them the tools and resources so they can do that (story making)

Communal Horizon

Collaboration, building, empathy, inclusion of ordinary, listening, reflection

Occupational being

A person is fully engaged in the world of activity- work, play, and leisure- who is productive and feels a sense of self worth

Adaptive Stratagies

the capabilities we possess to overcome the challenges we face

Collaboration

Give up our power to control the dialogue

Building empathy

Putting ourselves in the clients shoes

Inclusion of the ordinary

Casual interchanges on any subjects to normalize the interaction

Listening

be open in a caring way

Reflection

reflect back verbally on the clients statements

evocation of stories of occupation

Using semi structured questions, ask about occupations that were/ are engaged in, information should be obtained organically rather than through preconstructed means

A story should reveal

what activities the person has engaged in, whether they thought the investment in those occupations was worth it

Occupational Coaching

-Giving encouragement and positive remarks

-Teaching occupational strategies

-Teaching about occupation's role in recovery

-Marking and affirming progress

Evoking Insight

-Will be unique to each dyad's communal horizon of understanding

-Should involve the searching for and engagement of occupations to solve problems.

Image Reconstruction

Using occupation to define an create a new self. Choosing words, objects, environments to create the image

Cultural place

Consider available resources, technology, adaptive systems, and family supports that can create a new "story"

Therapeutic Intervention

As an OT, we would help to create a clients story through occupational interventions

Occupational Profile

A template for looking at successful and unsuccessful occupations, context, performance patterns and performance skills

Values

Acquried beliefs and commitments, derived from culture, about what is good, right and important

Beliefs

Cognitive content held as true to the client

Needs

Why someone needs to complete or engage in an occupation. May be Unknown unless specifically asked

Perceived Utility

How does the occupation contribute to a person's identity and what need is being met by the occupation.

Physical Context

Buildings, chairs

Social Context

Friends, their actions and norms

Cultural Context

Family traditions, gestures, geographical norms

Personal Context

Age, gender, etc

Temporal Context

Time of year or day

Virtual Context

Email, social media

Habits

Locking your car door, washing hands, etc ( Can be done subconsciously or without even thinking about it)

Routines

Work and bedtime routines (usually planned)

Rituals

Putting up a christmas tree, making a birthday cake

Roles

Mother, student, volunteer, etc

Hocking Definiton of Occupations

refers to the knowledge people have about things people do, rather than engaging in performing, carrying out or doing an occupation

Attitudes associated with participation

"The right way to do something"

Capacities, Knowledge and Skills

Having the ability to develop skills (physical and mental capacity)

Kinds of people that typically participate

who does what, and ideas about age, ethnicity, roles

Who they participate with

In large groups or alone?

What they do

What is the specific thing they are doing

rules, norms, or process that govern what is done

laws, rules, norms, etc. that shape the occupation

Space, object and resources

Where does the occupation occur, and what items are needed to perform it

Temporal aspect

Time, the sequence of steps, etc. to complete the occupation

Function or outcome

What does the occupation accomplish and how does it benefit the person doing it?

Personal, social or cultural meaning

The meaning that is related to the individual, the family, and/or the culture

Standards

How one behaves or what is their attitude towards to occupation

Sociocultural, political, economic and historical context

Time in history, economic states of the culture, the society

Impact on health

Does the occupation affect health in a negative or positive way

Adaptation

Process of selecting and organizing activities to improve life opportunities and enhance quality of life.

Adaptive stratagies

Chunk of actions that a human uses to improve life opportunites or enhance quality of life

Adaptive Systems

Viewed as the complex ways in which we use adaptive strategies to organize our occupational selves

Culture

The customary beleifs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

Western Worldview

Focuses on empiricisim and what can be measured and defined (ex, race, ethnicity, gender, etc)