Units 1-5 Grammar and Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the key grammatical terms, rules, and vocabulary categories from Units 1 through 5.

Present simple

A verb tense used to talk about regular habits and routines, things that are always or generally true, and general and scientific facts.

Present continuous

A verb tense used with time expressions like now, at the moment, or currently to describe actions happening now, temporary situations, changing situations, or annoying repeated habits.

Adverbs of frequency

Words (such as always, rarely, or usually) used with the present simple to talk about routines and habits; they typically go after the verb to be or just before main verbs.

State verbs

Verbs that describe states rather than actions (such as verbs of feeling, thinking, senses, or possession) and are not usually used in the continuous form.

Stocky

An adjective used to describe a person's physical build.

Easy-going

A personality adjective describing someone who is relaxed, tolerant, and calm.

Past simple

A verb tense used to describe finished actions or situations in the past, or to show that one event occurred directly after another.

Past continuous

A verb tense used to talk about activities in progress at a specific moment in the past, describe background scenes in a story, or describe an ongoing activity interrupted by a shorter past action.

Past perfect

A verb tense formed with had + past participle used to talk about actions that happened before another action in the past.

used to and would

Structures used to talk about past habits and regular actions done in the past but not now; would cannot be used for past states or situations.

be used to

A structure followed by a gerund or a noun used to talk about things that are normal or familiar to us.

Break down

A travel-related phrasal verb meaning to stop functioning due to a mechanical fault.

Set off

A phrasal verb connected with travel that means to start on a journey.

Homestay

A form of accommodation where a traveler or student stays with a local host family.

Present perfect simple

A verb tense (have/has + past participle) used to talk about lifetime experiences without specifying the exact time, recent events with present results, or actions beginning in the past that continue in the present.

Present perfect continuous

A verb tense (have/has + been + -ing) used to emphasise the process and duration of an action, or to show that an action finished very recently or remains incomplete.

Outskirts

The outer areas or borders of a city or town.

Housing estate

A planned residential area containing a large group of houses or flats built together.

Extreme adjectives

Adjectives that convey an extreme degree of a quality, such as boiling, freezing, hideous, spotless, packed, or tiny.

Spotless

An extreme adjective meaning completely clean and free of any dirt.

be going to

A future structure used for plans and intentions already decided prior to speaking, or for predictions supported by present evidence.

will

A modal verb used to express general predictions, spontaneous decisions made at the moment of speaking, or objective future truths.

Future continuous

A verb form (subject + will + be + -ing) used to talk about activities that will be in progress and unfinished at a particular time in the future.

Future perfect

A verb form (subject + will + have + past participle) used to talk about activities that will be finished by a certain point in the future.

Processed food

Food that has undergone industrial alteration, preservation, or packaging rather than being fresh or raw.

Overestimate

A verb formed with the prefix over- meaning to calculate or judge something to be greater or more significant than it actually is.

Underestimate

A verb formed with the prefix under- meaning to calculate or judge something to be smaller or less important than it really is.

have to

A structure used to describe obligations or necessities, especially those imposed externally by authorities or rules.

must

A modal verb used to describe rules, regulations, and obligations, often expressing internal obligations felt by the speaker.

mustn't

A negative modal verb used to express strict prohibition.

Zero conditional

A conditional form (If + present simple, … present simple) used for situations that are generally or always true.

First conditional

A conditional form (If + present simple, … will + infinitive) used for possible or probable future situations and their consequences.

Second conditional

A conditional form (If + past simple, … would/wouldn't + infinitive) used for imaginary or improbable situations in the present or future and their consequences.

unless

A conjunction meaning 'if not' or 'except if', which can be utilized across all types of conditional sentences.

Coursework

Academic work completed by a student as part of a course of study and assessed toward their final mark.

Resit an exam

A verb phrase meaning to retake an academic examination after failing or seeking a higher mark.

Fall behind

A verb phrase connected with studying that means to fail to maintain the required pace or progress relative to others.