CDC 12: Unit 1 Study Guide

What is ovulation?

Biological process in which a mature egg is released from one of the ovaries.

What is endometriosis?

When tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside the uterus.

What is the most common cause of male infertility?

Low sperm count.

What lifestyle choices can lower sperm counts in men?

Cigarette smoking, alcohol, marijuana, anabolic steroids, medications for infections, high blood pressure, depression, frequent exposure to heat, chemicals, and radiation.

Why is Folic Acid important for women of childbearing age?

A lack of folic acid can cause neural tube defects in a fetus which affects the brain and spinal cord.

What are the main food sources of Folic Acid?

Dark green leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, dairy, meat, eggs, and grains.

What lifestyle choices can improve fertility in women?

Maintaining a healthy weight, preventing STIs, and avoiding night shifts.

What lifestyle choices can decrease fertility in women?

Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, overexercising, exposure to toxins.

What environmental toxins should be avoided to increase fertility?

Pesticides, dry cleaning solvents, lead, mercury, chemical flea collars, plastics 3 and 7.

What are the main causes of maternal deaths from pregnancy and childbirth?

Severe bleeding, eclampsia, obstructed labor, unsafe abortions, fistula.

What are the best ways to reduce maternal mortality?

Educate girls, reduce poverty, provide health care and family planning, ensure access to safe delivery care, reduce sexism and racism in medical fields.

What examinations do pregnant women typically undergo in the first trimester?

Weighed, belly measured, blood pressure and urine checked, possible screening for down syndrome and other genetic variations.

What examinations do pregnant women typically undergo in the second trimester?

Blood test and blood sugar check.

How much should a pregnant woman increase her daily calorie intake?

Around 340 calories in the second trimester and around 450 calories in the third trimester.

What precautions should pregnant women take regarding Vitamin A?

Too much vitamin A can cause birth defects.

How can a woman's diet at conception affect future generations?

Going to bed hungry while pregnant can increase chronic disease risk due to epigenetic changes.

What is the difference between a zygote, embryo, and fetus?

Zygote: cell formed by sperm and egg; Embryo: earliest developmental stage; Fetus: baby after 9 weeks of development.

What is the role of the placenta?

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and remove waste products.

What causes Down Syndrome?

An extra copy of the 21 chromosome, with increased risk associated with the mother's age.

What are teratogens?

External agents like drugs or chemicals that can interfere with fetal development.

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FASD)?

A condition that occurs when a pregnant mother drinks alcohol, leading to lifelong challenges.

What are some effects of FASD?

Abnormal facial features, small head size, low body weight, learning disabilities, and poor coordination.

How might prenatal maternal stress affect fetal development?

It can increase amniotic fluid and the risk of ADHD or cardiovascular disease.

What are the three main types of delivery?

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery, Assisted Vaginal Delivery, Cesarean Section.

What are the four stages of delivery?

Stage one: contractions; Stage two: baby is born; Stage three: placenta is delivered; Stage four: recovery.

What is a midwife?

A health professional who cares for mothers and newborns around childbirth.

What effects has colonialism had on pregnant Indigenous women?

Separation from families and assimilation in hospitals.

What are some Indigenous cultural practices around birthing?

Community support, spiritual grounding, active birthing positions, and postpartum care.

What is the difference between baby blues and postpartum depression?

Baby blues are temporary emotional changes; postpartum depression lasts longer and affects bonding.

Mastered (29)

You know these terms very well!