History vocabulary

Cash and Carry (1939)

Policy adopted by the United States before World War II where belligerent nations could only purchase nonmilitary goods from the U.S. and transport them using their own ships.

Lend-Lease (1941)

Program initiated by the United States during World War II to provide military aid to Allied nations by lending or leasing war supplies.

Allied Powers (WWII)

Coalition of nations, including the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and others, that opposed the Axis Powers during World War II.

Axis Powers (WWII)

Alliance of nations, including Germany, Italy, and Japan, that opposed the Allied Powers during World War II.

Munich Conference (1938)

Meeting in Munich, Germany, where British and French leaders agreed to appease Adolf Hitler's territorial demands in an attempt to avoid war, seen as a failed policy of appeasement.

Four Freedoms Speech (1941)

Speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt outlining the four essential human freedoms:freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

Executive Order 9066 (1942)

Order by President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Korematsu v. United States

Landmark Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, stating it was a military necessity.

Double V Campaign (1942)

Campaign for African Americans during World War II advocating for victory over racism abroad and at home.

Rosie the Riveter

Cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, symbolizing their contribution to the war effort.

Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)

First official U.S. Army unit for women during World War II, allowing them to serve in non-combat roles.

Executive Order 9981 (1948)

Order by President Harry S. Truman desegregating the U.S. military, marking an important step in the civil rights movement.

Doolittle Raid (1942)

U.S. air raid on Tokyo and other Japanese cities, demonstrating Japan's vulnerability to American air attack.

Operation Overlord (1944)

Codename for the Allied invasion of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944, marking the beginning of the end of World War II in Europe.

Island Hopping

Military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific theater, involving capturing key islands to gradually move closer to Japan.

Big Three

Refers to the leaders of the Allied Powers during World War II – Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.), Winston Churchill (U.K.), and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union).