US History ACP Lap 4 Quiz

Following Lincoln’s election, which state seceded first? Total #?

South Carolina, 11

Who became the president of the Confederacy? Capital?

Jefferson Davis

Richmond, Virginia

What did the Confederate constitution support (3)?

slavery, states rights, no tariffs

What is the political and strategic importance of border states?

slave states that remain in the Union

any border states that leave the Union add to Southern states’ resources; needs Maryland to stay in Union (D.C. would be surrounded by Confederates if leave)

What did Lincoln vow to do in his inaugural speech?

preserve, protect, & defend the Union

What were the North’s strengths? Weaknesses?

Union

Strengths: most banks, factories, & ships; population twice as big as South; more railroads than South; larger army; Union has gov institutions that have been tried & tested over the years; more states have stayed with Union than have joined the Confederacy

Weaknesses: Northerners disagree about the rights & wrongs of slavery; Washington D.C. lies at the border b/w North & South

What were the South’s strengths? Weaknesses?

Confederacy

Strengths: has excellent group of military officers; leaders in Britain & France sympathize with South; soldiers are convinced of the rightness of the Confederate cause; Confederacy is fighting for independence

Weaknesses: economic health depends on trade with Europe; coastline is about 3,500 miles long; slaves in South cannot be counted on to support the Confederacy; many of the South’s supply route lie near the border with the North

What did the CSA need to create to be successful? Challenges to success? *Who should win the Civil War?

Needed a strong central gov, national military, stable funding, & foreign alliances (Britain & France)

Challenges: few factories, massive inflation, Union blockade that blocked trade

Union should win

Why did Lincoln not send troops to the South immediately after his inauguration?

didn’t want the Border States to secede & wanted the South to start the war first

What event began the Civil War? Why fired upon?

Fort Sumter

Fired bc the Union refused to surrender it, & Confederate leaders chose to attack before Lincoln’s ships could arrive with the food

Why did Lincoln not ask Congress to declare war?

bc doing so would legally recognize the South as an independent nation, so can’t declare war on them

Identify main points of the Union’s Anaconda plan.

blockade southern ports, control rivers to get into the deep South, capture Richmond, destroy their ability to fight

Identify main point of the South’s plan.

don’t lose! (war of attrition)

Which side was winning at first? How did it impact Lincoln’s administration?

South (Confederates)

Impact: shift to Total War, Emancipation Proclamation, reelection pressure

What was the first big battle of the war?

Battle of Bull Run

How did Union forces learn about Lee’s plan in MD?

Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s Confederate orders

What was the military “outcome” of the battles at Antietam?

blo*dy tactical draw that ended Lee’s invasion & forced a Confederate retreat

After Antietam, what did Lincoln believe it was now time to issue?

Emancipation Proclamation

Why would the Emancipation Proclamation go into effect in January?

Lincoln gave the Confederate states 100 days to stop fighting & rejoin the Union. If they didn’t, all South slaves would be permanently free

Why did Lincoln not free all slaves everywhere? Who was freed?

Didn’t free all bc relied on his limited wartime powers that only allowed him to target states in rebellion (Con.)

Freed all slaves in states that were in rebellion

What would Freedmen now be allowed to do in the army?

to enroll in the paid service of the US armed forces

Victory at Antietam and the Proclamation also influenced which other govs?

Encouraged Great Britain & France to not get involved

Why was Union victory at Gettysburg a turning point (2)?

helped protect D.C. & was the deadliest battle, but turning point bc it permanently stopped Lee’s invasion of the North & forced the South to fight just to protect their own land

What was the main idea of the Gettysburg Address?

to unite the country, protect freedom, & save American democracy (test if gov of the people could survive)

Name 3 reasons Union victory at Vicksburg was important.

gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, cut the Confederacy in half, & brought war into deep South

1864— Contrast new Union strategies of total war and war of attrition.

Total: prevent Southern supplies to help them win the war & make Southern life miserable to break their will to fight

Attrition: killing or capturing enemy soldiers & destroying their weapons in battles until they run out of men & resources