classifications and 4 major molecules

Reproduction

All living things must come from other living things

2 types of reproductions are called?

Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

2 parents (diversity)

Asexual reproduction

1 parent (clones)

Adaptation

All living things must adapt to survive in an ever changing environment

Respond

All living things must sense and respond to stimuli (either externally or internally).

Energy

All living things must take in and use energy *Ultimate source is the sun

Homeostasis

Stability (able to be stable and able to maintain through harsh conditions)

Organization

All living things must have some pattern of organization

Growth and development

All living things must grow via mitosis, develop, and Change

Classification system

A tool scientists use to describe different organisms, show how they are related, and help guide research questions

Taxonomy

Science of classifying and naming organisms based on their similarities and differences

Early classification system

Animals and plants

Current system

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Fancy word for species is?

Specific epithet

How to write scientific name?

Genus is capitalized for the first name and species is lowercase for the second name

The name for the classification system

1. Kingdom, 2. Phylum, 3. class, 4. order, 5. family, 6. Genius, 7. species

How do biologists identify the classification of an unknown organism

Step 1: pick the organism you want to identify

Step 2: always begin with the first question in the list

Step 3: follow the path of the answers

Step 4: continue following the questions until you identify the classification of the animal you chose

96% of all living organisms are composed of?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Together these elements make up the 4 major Marco molecules

1) carbohydrates

2) Lipids

3) Proteins

4) Nucleic Acids

These Macro molecules can be broken down into

Monomers and polymers

Monomers

Small molecules that can bond together to form a more complex molecule

Polymers

Substance made of many monomers

Carbs

Mainly found in pasta or bread, It is the main source of energy can be used to form cell walls

what are the elements make up carbohydrates and glucose

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

What is the difference between carbohydrates and glucose

When eating bread you are consuming carbohydrates while glucose is absorbed when being separated in the stomach

What are chains of glucose

Starch(complex sugar)

Fancy word for sugar

Saccharide

Anything that ends with in “ose” is a

Carb

Table sugar is also known as

Table sugar

Galactose is also known as

Sugar

Deoxyribose is also known as

Sugar in DNA

Proteins

Build cellular structures, organism structures, and send chemical signals

Monomers of proteins

Amino acids

Amino acids link together to form

Polypetides

Once the polypeptide chain is completed, it folds into a what?

A 3-D shape that is specific to a protein

Elements in proteins are

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

What does the DNA hold to put the amino acids in the correct order to build proteins?

The instructions

Lipids

Store, energy and provide insulated and protection insole in the water

Example of lipids are what?

Fat, oil, wax, butter, and phospholipids

Phospholipids are what?

Hydrophobic layer that surrounds our cells

Elements found in lipids

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Nucleic acids

Store and transmit genetic acids

DNA (Deoxyribose nucleic acid)

Holds instructions to make protein

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Helps make proteins from DNA code

DNA provides detailed instructions on how to build a what?

Living organisms

Nucleotides

The basic building block of both dna and rna

What does dna and rna contain the elements

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Catalyst

Anything that speed up a reaction

Enzymes are catalysts and what is the goal of the enzymes

Use to combine or break down reactions with less energy and at a faster rate.

Structure of enzymes fit like a

Puzzle piece

Once they are connected the products form?

New chemicals that speed up the reaction

Enzymes are basically a lock and key which means they can be always

Used again and again (reuseabl)

The enzymes can change by

Temperature + pH can change the shape of an enzyme/substrate, which is called denature

All enzymes are proteins but

Not all proteins are enzymes