Marine Geology

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Last updated 5:52 PM on 10/5/26
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10 Terms

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Continental Margin

Submerged beneath water edges of continents

<p>Submerged beneath water edges of continents</p>
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Active continental margin

Oceanic subduction, narrow continental shelf, sites of tectonic activity (earthquakes, volcanism, mountain building, formation of igneous rock)

<p>Oceanic subduction, narrow continental shelf, sites of tectonic activity (earthquakes, volcanism, mountain building, formation of igneous rock)</p>
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Passive continental margin

Plates spreading, wide continental shelves, minimal tectonic activity, causes accumulation of sediment

<p>Plates spreading, wide continental shelves, minimal tectonic activity, causes accumulation of sediment</p>
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Continental shelf

Shallow part of continental margin with gentle slopes, avg width is 75km, wider in Arctic + narrow in W. SAmerica, 7.5% submerged areas

<p>Shallow part of continental margin with gentle slopes, avg width is 75km, wider in Arctic + narrow in W. SAmerica, 7.5% submerged areas</p>
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Continental Shelf limits

Upper limit: equinoctial low tides

Lower limit: shelf break (140-200m depth)

Inner: 0 to 40m depth

Middle: 40 to 80m

Outer: > 80m

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Inner Continental Shelf

Wave actuated, sediments are sandy and terrigenous, salinity and temp vary, available light at surface for life

<p>Wave actuated, sediments are sandy and terrigenous, salinity and temp vary, available light at surface for life</p>
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Energetic barriers on continental shelf

Littoral: breaking area

Transactional shelf break: breaking of internal waves, pycnocline

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Period of low sea level

Glaciations/ice ages, shelves exposed to sub-aerial processes, dunes formed, shelves dissected by rivers and collect fluvial deposits

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Periods of high sea level

Interglacial, rivers deposit on inner shelf so fewer particles transfer to continental slope, depressions filled with sediment

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Shelf break

Transition between continental shelf and slope (smooth to steep slope), energetic area (internal waves, upwelling, downwelling, contour currents), deeper in polar areas from weight of ice