intro geography exam #2 - part 1

hurricanes gain most of their energy from:

-latent heat released by condensation

-the strong winds that develop within them

-insolation absorbed by extensive, high-level clouds

-sensible heat from the ocean

latent heat released by condensation

the water temp. in the deep layers of the oceans is much warmer in the tropics than in the polar regions

T or F

false

compared to the earth’s crust as a whole, the depth of sedimentary rocks beneath the ocean bottoms are _______

-found almost as deep as in the Moho

-very thin

-much sandier

-laid down vertically instead of horizontally

-not commonly found

very thin

this figure shows the situation for the mechanical weathering process of _____

-salt weging

-frost wedging

-exfoliation

-oxidation

-temperature changes

exfoliation

With a surface cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere, the winds spiral ________.

-clockwise and inward

-clockwise and outward

-counterclockwise and outward

-counterclockwise and inward

-to the west

-clockwise and inward

Whenever there is an active well, the water table will be drawn downward forming a(n) ________.

-saturated zone

-artesian well

-bedrock layer

-aquiclude

-cone of depression

-cone of depression

An occluded front forms part of which of the following?

-a warm front

-a stationary front

-a cold front

-a dry line

-an extratropical cyclone

-an extratropical cyclone

Isostasy refers to the recognition that the ________ floats on the denser mantle.

-outer core

-atmosphere

-aluminum

-inner core

-crust

-crust

Midlatitude cyclones and anticyclones function as migratory features in the ________.

-ITC

-easterlies

-stratosphere

-ionosphere

-westerlies

-westerlies

The "world ocean" spreads over ________ of Earth's surface.

-90%

-100%

-75%

-1%

-25%

-75%

Which of the following air masses can be identified as being "very stable"?

-maritime polar

-equatorial

-maritime tropical

-rocky mountain

-arctic

-arctic

Which of the following storage locations contains the most water?

-liquid surface freshwater

-glaciers

-atmospheric water

-underground water

-soil moisture

-glaciers

The ________ is a prominent location of sinking water in Earth's thermohaline circulation.

-arctic

-equator

-central pacific

-south atlantic

-north atlantic

-north atlantic

Which of the following is NOT an ideal air mass source region?

-the rocky mountains west of denver

-the pacific ocean near the gulf of alaska

-the flat tundra surface of northern canada

-the flat desert surface of the sahara

-the regions of the world which have stable air

-the rocky mountains west of denver

Which stage of a thunderstorm is associated with the coexistence of updrafts and downdrafts?

-contracting stage

-mature stage

-cumulus stage

-dissipating stage

-dilating stage

-mature stage

The atmospheric inversion promotes strong convection and thunderstorm development

T or F

false

On the average, ________ fronts move the fastest of all fronts.

-occluded

-stationary

-warm

-hot

-cold

cold

This figure shows air that is ________.

-stable

-conditionally unstable

-unstable

-prone to sinking

-not affected by lifting mechanisms

unstable

Of the Earth's water inventory, most of the fresh water is stored in the form of ________.

-river and stream water

-glacial ice

-condensation (clouds)

-soil moisture

-water in lakes

-glacial ice

Hurricanes frequently cross the Equator.

T or F

false

The lowest temperature which is found in liquid surface seawater is approximately ________ degrees Celsius (Fahrenheit).

-10 (14)

10 (50)

-2 (28)

2 (36)

0 (32)

-2 (28)

Thunderstorms are violent ________ storms accompanied by thunder and lightning.

-jet stream

-occluded

-convective

-adiabatic

-stationary

-convective

In dry climates, ________ is a (are) prevalent weathering process(es).

-landslides

-hydrolysis

-salt wedging

-carbonation

-frost wedging

-salt wedging

Most of the Earth's cloudiness results directly from ________.

-vertical temp. gradient

-evaporation

-air pollution

-adiabatic cooling

-sublimation

-adiabatic cooling

The capacity for air to hold water ________.

-decreases as evaporation decreases

-is a constant

-increases as temperature decreases

-is not related to temperature

-increases as temp. increases

-increases as temp. increases

Which of the following are associated with the formation and intensification of surface mid-latitude cyclones?

-upper-level convergence and lower-level divergence

-upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence

-upper-level divergence and lower-level divergence

-upper-level convergence and lower-level convergence

-upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence

The relative humidity would be ________% if the actual water vapor in the air were 10 grams per cubic meter, the air's capacity to hold water vapor were 20 grams per cubic meter, and the dew-point temperature was 20 degrees Celsius.

-50

-200

-20

-10

-2

-50

Rift valleys are associated with the divergent plate boundaries. 

T or F

true

If air's capacity for holding water vapor is diminished, then the relative humidity will ________.

-be unchanged

-double

-rise

-fall

-be cut by half

-rise

A ________ plate boundary is associated with lateral slippage, conservation of existing crust, and is descriptive of the San Andreas fault system.

-fault scrap

-divergent

-convergent

-transform

-subducting

-transform

Rock through which ground water cannot run or flow is a(n) ________.

-aquiclude

-groundwater layer

-phreatic layer

-vadose layer

-aquifer

-aquiclude

Maximum absolute humidity is governed by ________.

-proximity to the water’s surface

-the adiabatic rate

-the hydrologic cycle

-temperature

-vapor content

-temperature

Igneous rocks deposited on the surface and then cooled are known as ________.

-clastic

-detrital

-extrusive

-core

-intrusive

-extrusive

Of the air masses below, the coldest, driest ones are termed ________.

-continental tropical

-continental polar

-maritime tropical

-maritime polar

-continental polar

As water freezes it expands almost ________ percent and is able to mechanically weather rock.

-75

-10

-1

-50

-100

-10

________ is(are) the most obvious result of weathering.

-slumps

-earthquakes

-fragmentation of bedrock

-joints

-landslides

-fragmentation of bedrock

When or where is air most likely unstable?

-during the winter

-during the afternoon

-in stratiform clouds

-over the poles

-during the night

-during the afternoon

Shield volcanoes are ________ than composite volcanoes.

-steeper

-wider

-more widespread

-more explosive

-taller

-wider

Consider the location of New York City. In terms of crustal plates, New York City is ________.

-on a convergent boundary

-not on a plate boundary

-on a transform boundary

-on a divergent boundary

-not on a plate

-not on a plate boundary

Which ocean is bounded by the most continents?

-pacific

-atlantic

-arctic

-indian

-they are all bounded by all of the continents

-pacific

Which energy arrow represents the process of sublimation?

-solid to gas

-liquid to gas

-liquid to solid

-gas to liquid

-gas to solid

-solid to gas

Exfoliation can be the result of unloading or ________.

-sideways compression

-glaciation

-chemical weathering

-salt wedging

-jointing

-jointing

An artesian spring is one that needs a pump to bring water to the surface.

T or F

false

Cyclogenesis occurs along the________.

-polar front

-occluded front

-center of the subtropical high

-edge of a baugio

-edge of a hurricane

-polar front

The Himalayas were formed by crumpling of plate edges in a ________ zone.

-transcurrent

-divergent

-rift

-basalt

-convergent

-convergent

The cryosphere is comprised of all of the water in a solid form on earth.

T or F

true

The largest share of Earth’s freshwater is contained in

-the atmosphere

-lakes

-groundwater

-ice sheets and glaciers

-ice sheets and glaciers

Stratification (layering) is a characteristic of many

-all types of rock

-metamorphic rocks

-sedimentary rocks

-intrusive igneous rocks

-sedimentary rocks

Conditional instability is when the lapse rate of an air parcel is ________.

-greater than the wet adiabatic lapse rate

-greater than the dry adiabatic lapse rate

-less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate

-less than the wet adiabatic lapse rate

-between the wet and dry adiabatic lapse rate

-between the wet and dry adiabatic lapse rate

Air that resists vertical movement is said to be ________.

-anticyclonic

-stable

-adiabatic

-unstable

-cyclonic

-stable

Which of the following is NOT an ideal air mass source region?

-the rocky mountains west of denver

-the flat tundra surface of northern canada

-the flat desert surface of the sahara

-the regions of the world which have stable air

-the rocky mountains west of denver