developmental norms

What is the milestone for the receptive language stage from Birth to 3 Months?

Startling at sounds and responding to voices.

What are the expressive language milestones for 4 to 6 Months?

Babbling starts with sounds like 'b,' 'p,' and 'm.'

What is the mnemonic for the receptive language stage from 1 to 2 Years?

'Picture & Point' - Understands pictures in books and follows pointing to objects.

At what age do children start using two-word phrases?

During the 1 to 2 Years stage.

What is a key characteristic of the Prelinguistic Stage (0-12 months)?

Includes cooing and reflexive crying to express needs.

What is the expressive language milestone for ages 2 to 3 Years?

Begins asking questions and using three-word phrases.

What does the milestone 'Story Sense' refer to for receptive language at 4 to 5 Years?

Can answer questions about a story after hearing it.

In which stage do children develop telegraphic speech?

Early Sentence Stage (2-3 years).

What is the hallmark of the Later Sentence Stage (3-5 years)?

Combines clauses to form more complex sentences.

What is the vocabulary milestone for the Two-Word Stage (18-24 months)?

Grows to 50+ words.

What characterizes Adult-Like Language (5+ years)?

Refined grammar and vocabulary, mastering complex grammatical structures.

What is the receptive language milestone for children aged 3 to 4 Years?

Answers basic 'who, what, where' questions.

What does 'variegated babbling' refer to in the context of language development?

Mixing different consonants and vowels, observed in children aged 7-12 months.

3-6 months phonology

• Babbling begins
Double syllables - VCV, aga
Puts lips together - says "m" Nasal tone is heard
• Vocalizes pleasure and displeasure
• Stops vocalizing when adult enters
• Self-initiated vocal play
• Coos, chuckles, gurgles and laughs
• Babbles to self, others, and objects
• Babbling show pitch and inflecti

3-6 months phonology

Babbling begins with double syllables (e.g., 'aga'), produces 'm' sounds, expresses pleasure/displeasure, stops when adults enter, initiates vocal play, and coos, chuckles, and laughs. Babbling exhibits pitch and inflection.

information processing theory

piagets stages of cognitive development

A theory outlining how children progress through four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

cognitive theory

Language competence vs. language performance

The distinction between a person's ability to understand and produce language (competence) and their actual use of language in concrete situations (performance).

aspects of nativist theory

The components of the nativist theory, which posits that certain skills or abilities are hardwired into the brain at birth, emphasizing the role of genetics in language development.

chomskys nativist theory

A theory proposed by Noam Chomsky that suggests humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language, highlighting the importance of biological factors in language development.

skinners system and language development

A theory proposed by B.F. Skinner that emphasizes the role of environmental factors and reinforcement in language acquisition, suggesting that language learning occurs through imitation and conditioning.

illocutionary behavior

9 - 10 months
Signaling to carry out some socially organized action (e.g., pointing and laughing); uses intentional communication.

perlocutionary behavior

0 - 8 months Communication that influences the listener's feelings or thoughts without intentionality, such as crying or cooing.

receptive milestones birth to 3 months

• startles at sounds

• tracks sound

expressive milestones for birth to 3 months

cries and coos for different needs

receptive milestones 4-6 months

• looks towards family members when they are named

• responds by raising arms

expressive milestones for 4-6 months

begins babbling and producing adultlike vowels

receptive milestones for 7-9 months

• comprehends “no”

• looks at common objects when their names are spoken

expressive milestones for 7-9 months

• intonation patterns

• begins variegated babbling

• beginning of object permenance

receptive milestones for 10-12 months

• understands up to 10 words and one simple direction

• gives object upon request

• turns head to own name

expressive milestones for 10-12 months

• uses first true word

• gestures or vocalizes for needs

• uses all vowel and consonant sounds during vocal play

what is the holophrastic single word phase and during which age does this appear

• syntax in which child uses one word to represent complex idea ( 1-2 years)

how many words does a child typically produce around 18 months

10-50 words

how many words does an 18 month old typically understand

about 200 words

what are an 18 months most frequent lexical categories

• nominals and verbs

when do presuppositions emerge

between 1 and 2 years of age

what are presuppositions

expressions that have shared meaning for listener and speaker

syntactic developmental milestones for 2-3 years

• has beginning phrase and sentence structure

when does telegraphic speech emerge

between 2-3 years

what is telegraphic speech

word order is often object-verb, verb object, subject verb

expressive vocabulary at 2-3 years is

around 200-600 words

when does a child start to use bound morphemes

between 2 and 3 years

what literacy skill is emphasized in kindergarten

oral language skills

what literacy skill is emphasized in first grade

reading and writing

what literacy skill is emphasized in second grade

increased skill in reading and writing with more independent reading

which grade is known as the transition grade in terms of skill

third grade

what grades do children go from learning to read and write to reading and writing to learn

grades 4-6

what grades are children with language disorders often identified and why

grades 4-6 because weak auiditory-oral and written language skills are not strong enough to help them learn in certain areas of stufy

according to skinner, verbal behavior is broken down in to these three functional units

• mands- commands and requests

• tacts- verbal responses to physical objects

• echoics-