ME9 Midterm 1 Combined

Right hand coordinate system

point fingers in positive x direction curl fingers towards positive y direction wherever thumb is pointing Z is there

coded plans

blocks with numbers on them *flat

isometric sketch

where a sketch appears at full scale at an angle with no blocks only edges and curves

oblique sketch

not as in perspective the front facing face is faced forward with no dimension then add in other parts in said perspective

rotations

rotate a object clockwise or counterclockwise by specific axis can be done in multiple steps

Geometric Constraints

Definitions used to control the shape of a profile sketch through geometric relationships.

features for constructing models

can be done in any order as long as it gets to the final model extrude fillet smart dimension extrude cut...

arc

A curved entity that represents a portion of a circle

bounding box

A square box used to sketch circles or ellipses

circle

A closed curved figure where all points on it are equidistant from its center point

construction line

A faint line used in sketching to align items and define shapes

ellipse

A closed curved figure where the sum of the distance between any point on the figure and its two foci is constant

isometric axes

A set of three coordinate axes that are portrayed on the paper at 120 degrees relative to one another

isometric dot paper

Paper used for sketching purposes that includes dots located along lines that meet at 120 degrees

isometric grid paper

Paper used for sketching purposes that includes grid lines at 120 degrees relative to one another

isometric pictorial

A sketch of an object that shows its three dimensions where isometric axes were used as the basis for defining the edges of an object

left-handed system

Any 3-D coordinate system that is defined by the left-hand rule

line

A spatial feature that marks the shortest distance between two points. A line has location orientation and length but no area

oblique axes

A set of three coordinate axes that are portrayed on the paper as two perpendicular lines with third axis meeting them at an angle typically 45 degrees

oblique pictorial

A sketch of an object that shows one face in the plane of the paper and the third dimension receding off at an angle relative to the face

receding dimension

The portion of the object that appears to go back from the plane of the paper in an oblique pictorial

right-hand rule

Used to define a 3-D coordinate system whereby by pointing the fingers of the right hand down the x-axis and curling them in the direction of the y-axis the thumb will point down the z-axis

right-handed system

Any 3-D coordinate system that is defined by the right-hand rule

shading

Marks added to surfaces and features of a sketch to highlight 3-D effects

3-D coordinate system

A set of three mutually perpendicular axes used to define 3-D space

tick mark

A short dash used in sketching to locate points on the paper

Boolean operations

In early versions of 3-D CAD software commands used to combine solids

combining solids

The process of cutting joining or intersecting two objects to form a third object

corner views

An isometric view of an object created from the perspective at a given corner of the object

cross section

The intersection between a cutting plane and a 3-D object

cut

To remove overlapping volume between objects or remove solid volume as a model feature.

cutting plane

An imaginary plane that intersects with an object to form a cross section

intersect

To create a new object that consists of the volume of interference between two objects

join

To absorb the volume of interference between two objects to form a third object

mental rotations

The ability to mentally turn an object in space

reflection

The process of obtaining a mirror image of an object from a plane of reflection

spatial orientation

The ability of a person to mentally determine his own location and orientation within a given environment

spatial perception

The ability to identify horizontal and vertical directions

spatial relations

The ability to visualize the relationship between two objects in space i.e. overlapping or nonoverlapping

spatial visualization

The ability to mentally transform (rotate translate or mirror) or to mentally alter (twist fold or invert) 2-D figures and/or 3-D objects

symmetry

The characteristics of an object in which one half of the object is a mirror image of the other half

volume of interference

The volume that is common between two overlapping objects

CAD designers

Designers who create 3-D computer models for analysis and detailing

chief designers

The individual who oversees other members of the design team and manages the overall project

computer-aided design (CAD)

The process by which computers are used to model and analyze designed products

computer aided manufacturing (CAM)

The process by which parts are manufactured directly from 3-D computer models

concept mapping

The creative process by which the central idea is placed in the middle of a page and related concepts radiate out from that central idea

conceptual design

The initial idea for a design before analysis has been performed

Concurrent Engineering

The process by which designers analysts and manufacturers work together from the start to design a product.

design analysis

Individuals who analyze design concepts by computer methods to determine their structural thermal or vibration characteristics

design documentation

The set of drawings and specifications that illustrate and thoroughly describe a designed product

design process

The multistep iterative process by which products are conceived and produced

detail designers

The individuals who create engineering drawings complete with annotations from 3-D computer models or from engineering sketches

engineering design

The process by which many competing factors of a product are weighed to select the best alternative in terms of cost sustainability and function

finite element analysis (FEA)

A numerical method used to analyze a product in terms of its structural thermal and vibrational performance.

green engineering

The process by which environmental and life cycle considerations are examined from the outset in design

industrial designers

The individuals who use their creative abilities to develop conceptual designs of potential products

life cycle

The amount of time a product will be used before it is no longer effective

mass properties analysis

A computer-generated document that gives the mechanical properties of a 3-D solid model

model builders

Engineers who make physical mock-ups of designs using modern rapid prototyping and CAM equipment

morphological chart

A chart used to generate ideas about the desirable qualities of a product and all of the possible options for achieving them

Problem Identification

The first stage in the design process where the need for a product or a product modification is clearly defined.

prototype

The initial creation of a product for testing and analysis before it is mass produced

sustainable design

A paradigm for making design decisions based on environmental considerations and life cycle analysis

visual thinking

A method for creative thinking usually through sketching where visual feedback assists in the development of creative ideas

weighted decision table

A matrix used to weigh design options to determine the best possible design characteristics

Assembly

A collection of parts that mate together to perform a specified function or functions

CAD

Computer-aided drawing. The use of computer hardware and software for the purpose of creating modifying an storing engineering drawings in an electronic format

Descriptive geometry

A two-dimensional graphical construction technique used for geometric analysis of three-dimensional objects.

Design (noun)

An original manifestation of a device or method created for performing one own more useful functions.

Design (verb)

The process of creating a design (noun).

Drawing

A collection of images and other detailed graphical specifications intended to represent physical objects or processes for the purpose of accurately re-creating those objects to processes.

Engineer (verb)

To plan and build a device that does not occur naturally within the environment.

Engineer (noun)

A person who engages in the art of engineering.

Engineering

The profession in which knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences gained by study experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop and utilize economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of humanity.

Fabricate

To make something from existing material.

Image

A collection of printed displayed or imagined patterns intended to represent real objects data or processes.

Instruments

In engineering drawing mechanical devices used to aid in creating accurate and precise images.

Model

A mathematical representation of an object or a device from which information about its function appearance or physical properties can be extracted.

Optimization

Modification of shapes sizes and other variables to achieve the best performance based on predefined criteria.

Part

A single object fabricated to perform one or more functions.

Project

In engineering a collection of tasks that must be performed to create operate or retire a system or device.

Solid Modeling

Three-dimensional modeling of parts and assemblies originally developed for mechanical engineering use but presently used in all engineering disciplines.

System

A collection of parts assemblies structures and processes that work together to perform one or more prescribed functions.

Three Dimensional (3-D) Modeling

Mathematical modeling where the appearance volumetric and inertial properties of parts assemblies or structures are created with the assistance of computers and display devices.

Two Dimensional (2-D) Drawing

Mathematical modeling or drawing where the appearance of parts assemblies or structures are represented by a collection of two-dimensional geometric shapes.

Visualization

The ability to create and manipulate mental images of devices or processes.

Architects

Professionals who complete conceptual designs for civil engineering projects.

As-built Drawings

The marked-up drawings from a civil engineering project that show any modifications implemented in the field during construction.

Brainstorming

The process of group creative thinking used to generate as many ideas as possible for consideration.

Brainwriting

A process of group creative thinking where sketching is the primary mode of communication between team members.

Algebraic Constraints

Constraint that define the value of a selected variable as the result of an algebraic expression containing other variables from the solid model.

Base Feature

The first feature created for a part usually a protrusion.

Blend

A solid formed by a smooth transition between two or more profiles.

Blind Extrusion

An extrusion made to a specified length in a selected direction.

Boundary Representation (b-rep)

A method used to build solid models from their bounding surfaces.

Chamfers

Angled cut transitions between two intersecting surfaces.

Child feature

A feature that is dependent upon the existence of a previously created feature.

Constraints

Geometric relationships dimensions or equations that control the size shape and/or orientation of entities in a sketch or solid model.

Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)

A method used to build solid models from primitive shapes based on Boolean set theory.