ch 8 : respiratory system

alveol/o

alveoli

bronch/o

bronchial tube

cyan/o

blue

epiglott/o

epiglottis

hem/o

blood

laryng/o

larynx, voice box

nas/o

nose

orth/o

straight

ox/i

oxygen

pharyng/o

pharynx, throat

phon/o

sound, voice

pneumon/o

lung, air

pulmon/o

lung

py/o

pus

rhin/o

nose

sinus/o

sinuses

somn/o

sleep

spir/o

to breathe

thorac/o

chest, pleural cavity

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

eu-

good, normal

para-

beside

-ia

abnormal condition

-metry

to measure

-ptysis

spitting up, coughing up

-thorax

chest, pleural cavity

URI

upper respiratory infection

TB

tuberculosis

SOB

shortness of breath

RUL

right upper lobe (of lung)

RLL

right lower lobe (of lung)

PPD

tuberculin skin tests

PNA

pneumonia

PFT

pulmonary function test

PE

pulmonary embolism

OSA

obstructive sleep apnea

O2

oxygen

NG tube

nasogastric tube

LUL

left upper lobe (of lung)

LLL

left lower lobe (of lung)

CXR

chest x-ray

CPAP

continuous positive airway pressure

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CO2

carbon dioxide

CF

cystic fibrosis

CAP

community acquired pneumonia

ARDS

acute respiratory distress syndrome

_____absence of oxygen from the body’s gases, blood, or tissues

anoxia

_______ commonly known as cough medicine, is administered to prevent or relieve coughing

antitussive

____ is the absence of spontaneous respiration

apnea

____ _____ can develop when a foreign substance such as vomit is inhaled into the lunges

aspiration pneumonia

_____ is an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breathes per minute

bradypnea

______ respiration is a pattern of alternating periods of slow breathing and the absence of breathing that are followed by rapid breathing

cheyne-stokes respiration

____ ____ ____ ____ is a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

____ is an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords that results in a barking cough and stridor

croup

_____ is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

cyanosis

_____ ____ is a genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

cystic fibrosis

_____ is any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boys voice in puberty

dysphonia

____ is difficult or labored breathing, also known as shortness of breath

dyspnea

______ is the progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long term smoking

emphysema

________ ____ is the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

endotracheal

_____ is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract also known as whooping cough

pertussis

______ is an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact

pneumoconiosis

______ also known as a sleep apnea study is a diagnostic test that measures physiological activity during sleep

polysomnography

_____ is an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually more than 20 breaths per minute

tachypnea

_____ is the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to remove fluid from the pleural cavity

thoracentesis

_____ is the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity that is preformed to establish drainage of pus from the chest cavity

thoracostomy

_____ is the creation of an artificial opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions

tracheostomy

_____ an emergency procedure performed to gain access to the airway below a blockage

tracheotomy

______ an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs but can affect other parts of the body too

tuberculosis

the respiratory system is divided into two parts, the ___ and ____

the upper and lower respiratory system

mucous vs mucus

mucous : describes membranes in the body known as mucous membranes

mucus : a noun that refers to the fluid secreted by mucous membranes

paranasal sinuses are air filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity. they reduce the skulls weight, produce mucous, and influence voice quality by acting as resonating chambers. there are 4, which are the:

1) maxillary

2) ethmoid

3)sphenoid

4)frontal

the upper respiratory tract consists of the :

nasal cavity

olfactory receptors

paranasal sinuses

pharynx

larynx

trachea

the lower respiratory tract consists of the :

lungs

bronchi and bronchioles

alveoli

diaphragm

these grape like clusters are where gases are exchanged in the lungs:

alveoli

the _____ is the main airway to the lungs

trachea

this membrane encloses each lung :

pleura

______ _____ a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant

chronic bronchitis

_____ is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes often triggered by an allergic reaction

asthma

______

contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the air way shut

______ is easy or normal breathing

eupnea

_____ temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

apnea

pathology of the upper respiratory system : _____ ______ an allergic reaction to allergens that enter through the nasal passages and cause an increased flow of mucus

allergic rhinitis

_____ ____ is a reaction to something other than an allergen (cold air, spicy food, medications) that causes an increased flow of mucus

nonallergenic rhinitis

_____ also known as nosebleed

epistaxis

_____ also known as the flu

influenza

_____ also known as whooping cough. A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by reoccurring bouts of a paroxysmal Koll followed by breathlessness and annoy inspiration

pertussis

____ A common, highly contagious, viral infection spread by respiratory droplets

RSV

______ also known as a runny nose

rhinorrhea

_____ an inflammation of the sinuses

sinusitis

_____ sore throat

pharyngitis

_____ sudden, spasmodic closure of the larynx

laryngospasm

______ the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

aphonia

______ permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation

bronchiectasis

______ excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi

bronchorrhea

____ ____ excessive accumulation of fluid in the plural space

pleural effusion

______ A collection of blood in the plural cavity

Hemothorax

_______ The accumulation of air in the plural space, resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully partially collapse

pneumothorax (new-moh-thoh-racks)

______ The incomplete expansion of a part or all of a lung

atelectasis