Week 6: 3.07 - Cardiology Vessel Physiology

what are the 3 walls of a blood vessel?

what is the tunica intima made of?

what is the tunica media made of

what is the tunica externa/adventitia made of?

describe the tunica intima, media and tunica adventitia of elastic arteries

describe the tunica intima, media and tunica adventitia of muscular arteries

describe the tunica intima, media and tunica adventitia of arterioles

describe the tunica intima, media and tunica adventitia of metarterioles

describe elastic arteries

• where are they

• what is the unique feature

• how do they receive blood?

describe muscular arteries

• where are they

• what is the unique feature

arterioles

• where are they

• what is the unique feature

metarterioles

• where are they

• what is the unique feature

what are the 3 types fo capillaries?

• continuous

• fenestrated

• sinusoidal

describe continuous capillaries

describe fenestrated capillaries

describe sinusoidal capillaries

• where are they located

describe the tunica intima, media and adventitia of large veins

describe the tunica intima, media and adventitia of medium veins

describe the tunica intima, media and adventitia of venules veins

how are veins different from arteries?

what is the purpose of valves in veins?

how do veins store blood?

can veins participate in material exchange?

describe the concept of hemodynamics

describe the concept of compliance

• how does it change by age?

• contraction?

describe Poiseuille’s Law

• what are the determinants of flow?

• describe laminar flow and turbulent flow

what is slow veolicty? what are the parameters?

what is Bernoulli’s Principle?

• how does it relate to aortic valve stenosis?

what are the layers of fluid flow? how does turbulence affect this?

what is Reynolds Number?

how does pressure change in arteries, capillaries and veins?

what is the benefit of capillaries being in parallel rather than in series?

describe the systemic/peripheral circulation

• where is this?

• how much blood is stored here?

• how does it affect arterial blood pressure?

describe the central circulation

• where is this?

• how much blood is stored here?

• what is it important for?

what is compliance?

• what increases it?

• what descreases it?

explain how compliant and elastic arteries reduce cardiac work?

explain how increasing venous filling increases cariac output

• how does this affect central venous blood volume

how does gravity effect venous return?

• what are the mechanisms that compensate for this?

what is mean artieral pressure?

• how is it determined?

if venous ertuen is reduced how wil this effect

• preload

• EDV

• SV

• where will most of blood be distributed?

describe the branching of arteries to capillaries in the microcirculation

how do muscular aterioles and metarterioles differ in their musculature?

what is the basement membrane of a capillary formed by?

type 4 collagen

what do most continuous capillaries allow through? what are the exceptions to this?

how do capillaries do pinocytosis? how does inflammation affect this?

what are the 3 transport mechanisms of continuous capillaries?

how do substances and water move across capillaries?

• how is EQM calculated

• how is speed determined

what are the starling forces?

what is Fick’s Law

how are the capillaries implicated in edema?

• what are the factors that keep water in the capillary?

• what are the factors that reduce excessive edema in the tissue?

how is blood flow controlled locally?

• what do smooth muscles respond to?

what is autoregulation?

• what are the 2 mechanisms?

• 2 mechanisms: myogenic regulation and metabolic regulation

describe myogeneic regulation

describe metabolic regulation

what are the limitations of autoregulation

how does Nitric Oxide (NO) hormone affect local blood flow?

what are the other hormones that cause vasodilation?

what are the hormones that cause vasoconstriction?

how do catecholamines affect blood flow?

what are the factors that affect vascular beds in skeletal muscle?

how does flow and oxygen extraction at vascular beds change at rest vs exercise?

what factors regulate cerebral blood flow?

what factors regulate pulmonary blood flow?

what factors regulate skin blood flow?

what factors regulate coronary blood flow?

what factors regulate renal blood flow?