Mycology Vocab Test 2

Coenocytic

has mycelium made of continuous hypha with no cross-walls/septa

Septa

walls that divide hyphae and give rigidity

Coelomycetes

an fake group of asexual fungi that produce spores in conidia

hyphomycetes

asexual molds, don’t have conidia, release “naked” spores

Anastomosis

fusing of hyphae

ascus

the meiosporangium of the ascomycetes

Ascospores

meiospore produced in an ascus; usually 8 per ascus

basidium

the meiosporangium of Basidiomycetes; exogenous meiospores on projections called sterigmata

Basidiospores

meiospores produced in basidum; usually 4

Sterigmata

stalk-like projections, connects spores to basidium in fungi

Dikaryophase

cells contain 2 genetically distinct unfused nuclei from different parents

Ascogenous hyphae

restricted dikaryophase; dikaryotic hyphae grow out from the fertilized ascogonium and give rise to asci

Hymenium

fertile, spore-producing tissue layer found on the fruiting bodies of fungi

Apothecial Ascomata (Apothecium)

cup-like ascoma; many asci are discharged, entire hymenium is exposed

Perithecial Ascomata (perithecium)

flask-shaped ascoma; only one ascus discharged, narrow opening 

Pseudothecial Ascoma (pseudothecium)

resembles perithecia but contains double walled (bitunicate) asci; don’t need to know details

Cleistothecial Ascoma (cleistothecium)

a closed, spherical fruiting body; no opening, so different mode of dispersal 

Ascoma

multihyphal structure producing asci

Operculum

lid-like structure, found at tip of certain spore-bearing cells

Primordium

earliest visible stage of mushroom fruiting body, little bump

Stroma

mass of fungal hyphae that contains/supports spore-bearing structures

Heterokaryotic

2 or more genetically distince nuclei sharing single, common cytoplasm

Dehiscence

Place that releases of spores

Parenthesome

AKA septal pore cap; microscopic, dome shaped cell structure in some Basidiomycetes

Dolipore

barrel-shaped septal pore found in basidiomycetes

Micropores

microscopic septal pores

Crozier

allows 2 nuclei to divide simultaneously

Ballistospores

forcibly discharged spore

sequestrate

basidia that have lost ability shoot out spores

Blastic

spore buds out from parent and then septa form

phialidic

specialized flask shape cell that produce asexual spores called conidia

Candidiasis

a disease that affects humans and animals that is caused by a species of yeast

Mycobiont

fungi part of the lichen symbiosis

photobiont

alga/cynobacteria of the lichen symbiosis

Cephalodia

green photobionts have area on the thalli that contain blue-green algae

Soredia

small groups of algal cells entangled in fungal hyphae

Homothallic

self-fertile organisms that can undergo sexual reproduction on their own

Heterothallic

self-sterile organisms that require 2 genetically different, compatible mating types to reproduce

Peripheral membrane proteins

proteins that loosely and temporarily attach to the inner or outer surface of the fungal plasma membrane

Integral membrane protein

attached/embedded in plasma membrane

Transmembrane proteins

integral membrane proteins that completely span the fungal lipid bilayer

Integral monotopic proteins

Integral membrane proteins that permanently attach to only one face or leaflet of a cell’s lipid bilayer

Blastic-Acropetal

long cells that bud from each end

Blastic-sympodial

elongates to the side to form a new bud

Blastic-Percurrent

extending continuously through each bud scar

Blastic-Phialidic

blows out like a bubble

Thallic-arthric

Hypha stops growing and breaks apart into spores

Schizolytic succession

halves of the double septum at the bottom of conidium break apart by the middle dissolving

Rhexolytic succession

the outer wall of the cell between the two septa breaks down

Blastic

You can tell it is forming a conidium (spore) before it separates via a septum forming (ex: budding)

Thallic

It forms the septum before cleaving from the rest of the structure 

Crustose

thalli of lichens that are closely pressed or imbedded in their substrate

Foliose

Lichen: thalli of lichens that are attached to the substrate by thread-like rhizines and is technically separable from the substrate

Fruticose

Lichen: thalli of lichens that grow away from their substrates and branch repeatedly

Squamulose

Lichen: thalli made up of small scales, found on soil

Leprose

Lichen: entire thallus is made up of loose, powdery material

Gelatinous

Lichen: looks hard and dry when dry but when wet, swells up and becomes jelly

Podetia

Asexual reproduction of lichen: large, upright often branched structures and have one or more apothecium-like cup at the top