Test pt 12

Simple squamous epithelium

One extremely thin layer of flat cells.

Stratified squamous epithelium

Many layers with flattened cells at the surface.

Simple cuboidal epithelium

One layer of square cells around a lumen.

Simple columnar epithelium

One layer of tall cells, often with goblet cells/microvilli.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Nuclei at different heights + often cilia.

Transitional epithelium

Multiple layers with rounded/dome-shaped surface cells.

Adipose tissue

Large empty-looking cells with nuclei pushed aside.

Areolar connective tissue

Loose fibers, lots of open space, fibroblasts.

Dense regular connective tissue

Parallel collagen fibers.

Dense irregular connective tissue

Collagen fibers running in many directions.

Elastic connective tissue

Dark/wavy fibers allowing stretch.

Reticular connective tissue

Web-like branching framework.

Hyaline cartilage

Glassy matrix + chondrocytes in lacunae.

Elastic cartilage

Lacunae + lots of elastic fibers.

Fibrocartilage

Thick collagen + chondrocytes in rows/lacunae.

Compact bone/osteons

Circular structures resembling tree rings.

Central canal

In compact bone, center hole.

Lamellae

Rings around the central canal.

Lacunae

Small spaces containing osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Tiny lines/channels connecting lacunae.

Blood

Lots of small red cells + occasional larger nucleated cells.

Skeletal muscle

Long fibers + striations + multiple nuclei.

Cardiac muscle

Branching + striations + intercalated discs.

Smooth muscle

Spindle-shaped + no striations + one nucleus.

Nervous tissue/neuron

Large cell body with long processes + many small surrounding cells.

Collagen

Strength.

Elastin

Stretch and recoil.

Reticular fibers

Supporting web.

Fibroblast

Builds connective-tissue matrix.

Chondrocyte

Mature cartilage cell.

Osteocyte

Mature bone cell.

Cilia

Move material.

Microvilli

Increase surface area for absorption.

Goblet cell

Mucus.

Meissner

Light touch.

Pacinian

Deep pressure/vibration.

Ruffini

Stretch.

Basale

Stem cells + melanocytes + Merkel cells.

Spinosum

Desmosomes/spiny appearance.

Granulosum

Keratohyalin; cells begin dying.

Lucidum

Eleidin + thick skin.

Corneum

Dead keratinized protective cells.

Papillary dermis

Areolar CT.

Reticular dermis

Dense irregular CT.

Sebaceous

Sebum + holocrine.

Eccrine

Watery sweat + cooling.

Apocrine

Thicker secretion + puberty + axilla/nipple/groin.

Ceruminous

Earwax.

Cuticle → cortex → medulla

Hair outside → inside.

Basale → spinosum → granulosum → lucidum → corneum

Epidermis deep → superficial.