Taylor Final

What are the types of palpation?

digital (single finger), bidigital (finger and thumb), bilateral (two hands)

What is the advantages of a routine exam?

early identification of abnormalities and pathologies especially oral cancer, improved patient outcomes and enhanced preventive care.

What is arrhythmia?

variation from the normal rhythm, especially with reference to the heart.

What is the main objective for an intraoral exam?

to assess the health of the oral cavity and detect any abnormalities or diseases.

What are the most common areas for neoplasms?

lateral borders of the tongue, floor of mouth, the lips and soft palate

What is erythma?

red area of variable size and shape

What is and advantage of self examinations?

they help individuals identify changes or abnormalities in their oral health early, enabling prompt professional evaluation.

what is a disadvantage of self examinations?

can lead to false reassurance or missed diagnosis.

preauricular lymph nodes

in front of the ear; collects fluid from the eyes

postauricular lymph nodes

directly behind the ear; collects fluid from the posterior part of the scalp

occipital lymph nodes

at the base of the skull; collects fluid from the occipital region

What do you do if you see a lesion, what does HSIL mean?

High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion; severe dysplasia; document the lesion and let the doctor evaluate further.

What do white patch indicate?

leukoplakia

What do red areas indicate?

erthroplakia

What is the importance of chief complaints?

Concern expressed by the patient, such as pain, must be addressed before initiating dental hygiene treatment to alleviate pain.

What are behavior risk factors for dental caries?

heavy plaque biofilm from infrequent/inadequate brushing, dietary factors, recreational drug use

What is the dental hygiene diagnostic statement?

includes the diagnosis and risk factors contributing the the condition diagnosed

ex: hypersensitivity, gingivitis, CAMBRA, biofilm control and xerostomia from decreased salivary flow.

What are risk factors for cavities?

Low fluoride exposure, Visible caries or white spot lesions, Recent restorative treatment, Tooth morphology and position, Xerostomia, Orthodontic appliances and Low health literacy

What is dental hygiene diagnosis?

It involves the use of evidence based analysis of the assessment finding to determine the patient’s dental hygiene needs: patient interview data and physical assessment data

What is OSCAR?

A systematic approach to identifying factors to evaluate when planning dental hygiene care.

Oral, Systematic, Capability, Autonomy, Reality.

What is dental hygiene prognosis?

forecast of the outcome of a disease or condition (A look ahead to an anticipated outcomes)

Good prognosis

control of etiologic factors, adequate biofilm management,, bleeding on probing <10%, non smoker and regular preventative care

Fair prognosis

bleeding on probing >10%, probing depths <5mm, no molar mobility

Poor prognosis

Inadequate biofilm levels, areas of vertical bone loss, molar mobility class II, tobacco use

Questionable prognosis

>50% attachment loss, tooth loss due to periodontal disease, root proximity

Hopeless prognosis

inadequate attachment to maintain the tooth

What is the importance of evidence based care?

evidence-based care is essential as it integrates the best available research, clinical expertise, and patient values to make informed treatment decisions, ultimately improving patient outcomes and ensuring effective, high-quality care.

What are risk factors for periodontal disease?

Poorly managed diabetes, cigarette smoking, inflammatory burden, obesity, physical activity and nutrition

What are risk factors of oral cancer?

tobacco use of any kind, heavy alcohol use, excessive sun exposure (lips and face), exposure to human papillomavirus, male, over 55, genetic susceptibility

What is the difference between stage I and stage III of periodontitis?

Stage I is mild periodontitis, slight bone loss stage III is major loss of boney support with increased tooth mobility

ASA I

No systemic disease: ADL level 0

ASA II

mild systemic disease: ADL level 1: well controlled diabetes

ASA III

systemic disease limits activity; poorly controlled diabetes: ADL level 2 or 3

ASA IV

Incapacitating disease, constant threat to life; unstable cardiovascular conditions

ASA V

Patient is not expecting to survive, multiple organ system failure

What is periodontal disease inflammation compared to bone disease?

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria that infect the tissues surrounding the teeth, which can lead to inflammation and damage. In contrast, bone disease involves the deterioration or weakening of bone structure itself, which may not necessarily stem from bacterial infection.

What are ADLs? (activities of daily living)

Level 0: ability to perform task without assistance

Level 1: Ability to perform task with some assistance (independent but may need mechanical device)

Level 2: Ability to perform task with partial assistance

Level 3: Requires full assistance to perform task

How do you develop a care plan?

address patient needs, reassess previous treatments, develop treatment goals, identify treatment options, prioritize education and collaborate with dentist

How do you explain the care plan to the patient?

a care plan is explained to the patient by outlining the specific treatments recommended, explaining the reasons behind each decision, discussing the expected outcomes, and ensuring the patient understands their role in the process.

What demographic data is needed in a care plan?

age, gender, identity, chief complaint, oral health literacy

Dental hygienist do the initial periodontal probing, who confirms the periodontal disease?

The dentist

Phase 1 dental treatment plan

Urgent; emergency care (need to be treated first)

Phase 2 dental treatment plan

disease control; preventative measures

Phase 3 dental treatment plan

corrective threapy

What is CAMBRA?

The Caries Management By Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is a protocol used to assess an individual's risk of developing dental caries and to guide preventive and therapeutic interventions accordingly.

What are the needs of the patient within the process of dental hygine?

Review histories, radiographic data, clinical examinations, identify infection and risk factors, dental biofilm score, discuss caries and periodontal disease risk factors, asses oral aids.

What should be considered when creating a patient care plan?

diet, tobacco use, caries and periodontal disease risk

when does learning take place when talking to the patient?

learning takes place during patient interactions where information is shared and understood, fostering a collaborative environment to enhance treatment outcomes.

What are the steps of Motivational Interviewing (MI)?

Partnership, acceptance, compassion, evocation

What is reflective listening?

response to what the patient is conveying with a statement or summary that is more than repeating verbatim what the patient has said.