nichenatomy praticle 2

Angle in increased

Extension

Angle is decreased

Flexion

Hyperextension

Joint continues past anatomical direction

Rotation

Hip and shoulder joints can rotate medially and laterally

Circular movement of limb in an arch

Circumduction

2 ways to classify joints

Functional and structure

3 functional categories joints

Diarthroses (freely move), amphiarthroses (slightly move), synarthroses (immovable)

Freely moveable joint

Diarthroses

Slightly moveable joint

Amphiarthroses

Immovable joint

Synarthroses

Structural joints

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Types of fibrous joints

Syndesmoses, gomphosis, sutures

Fibrous joints movements

Gomphosis and syndemoses = amphiarthroses

Sutures = synarthroses

Syndesmoses

Fibrous joint that attach bones

Tibia and fibula

Types of cartilaginous joints

Symphyses and synchondroses

Ligament that attaches tooth to bone

Gomphosis (fibrous joint)

Joint of the skull

Suture (fibrous joint)

Symphyses cartilage

Fibrocartilage (cartilaginous joint)

Synchondroses cartilage

Hyaline cartilage (cartilaginous joint)

Injury of worn down hyaline cartilage

Arthritis

Injury from pigment stretched beyond normal capacity

Sprain

Ball-and-socket ex

Glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

Pivot joint ex

Radioulnar joint

Gliding joint ex

Intercarpal joint

Saddle joint ex

Carpometacarpal jiont

Hinge joint ex

Humeroulnar joint

Ellipsoidal joint ex

Radiocarpal joint

Lumbar vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

spongy bone made of

trabeculae

compact bone made of

hydroxyapatite

yellow bone marrow

filled with adipose

red bone marrow

site of blood cell production

number of carpals

16 (8 per hand)

number of tasals

14 (7 per foot)

number of metacarpals

10 (5 per hand)

number of metatarsals

10 (5 per foot)

phalanges in hands

28 (14 per hand)

phalanges in feet

28 (14 per foot)

wraps entire muscle

epimysium

wraps fasicle

perimysium

wraps around muscle cell/fiber

endomysium

fixed end of muscle

origin

moveable end of muscle

insertion

basic structural unit of muscle

sarcomere

discs in cardiac muscle tissue

intercalated discs

rotator cuff muslces

infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

doriflexion

pointing toes up

eversion

foot sole goes outward

inversion

foot sole goes in

muscles in neck

scalene, sternocledomastoid, thyrohoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid

side muscle 3 words

tensor fasciae latae

top of femur greater and lesser

trochanter

top of humerus greater and lesser

tubercle

bottom bumps of humerus (both)

capitulum and trochlea

notch of ulna

trochlear notch