Vet Sci Repro

An advantage of pen or pasture mating would be:

A) more females can be mated per sire

B) animals with physical handicaps can be mated

C) it requires less time and labor

D) better management occurs because more record keeping is involved

C) it requires less time and labor

When a cow recognizes that it is not pregnant a Prostaglandin is released:

True or False

True

The term used to describe a difficult birth is dystocia: True or False

True

In which stage of the Estrus cycle is the female most receptive to mating?

A) diestrus

B) metestrus

C) estrus

D) proestrus

E) anestrus

C) Estrus

Hand mating allows more females to be mate to a given sire: True or False

True

Which glands produce fluids that makeup part of semen? Choose all that apply:
A) seminal vesicles

B) testicles

C) cowpers

D) prostate

E) cervix

A) seminal vesicles

B) testicles

D) prostate

The male and female organs of copulation are the:
A) vagina and testicles

B) ovaries and testicles

C) vulva and scrotum

D) vagina and penis

E) ovaries and epididymis

D) vagina and penis

Which species has the highest percent use of mating using AI?

A) beef cattle

B) dairy cattle

C) swine

D) sheep

E) poultry and turkeys

E) poultry and turkeys

Ovulation is:

A) the time from conception to birth

B) the release of an egg from the ovary

C) the meeting of an egg and sperm in the female reproductive tract

D) the passage of the fetus out of the female body during birth

B) the release of an egg from the ovary

Castrated males are less aggressive than intact males because they lack testosterone: True or False

True

Heifers estrus cycle givers her a chance to become pregnant every 28 days: True or False

False; 21 days

Which species are seasonally anestrous? Choose all that apply:

A) cattle

B) horses

C) sheep

D) swine

B) horses

C) sheep

In the presence of progesterone the dominant follicle will ovulate and then undergo cell death: True or False

False; dominant follicle will NOT ovulate, however, it will undergo cell death (atresia)

Which species have a normal estrus cycle of 21 days? Choose all that apply:

A) sheep

B) cattle

C) swine

D) horses

E) poultry

B) cattle

C) swine

D) horses

Putting a bull in a field with 20 cows is an example of pen mating: True or False

True

The act of mating in animals is called:

A) ejaculation

B) estrus

C) copulation

D) semenation

E) gestation

C) copulation

The term for a female bovine that has NOT given birth is:

A) heifer

B) cow

C) mare

D) ewe

E) none of these

A) heifer

The best place for fertilization of the egg to occur is in the oviduct: True or False

True

The “S“ shaped curve in the penis of some farm males is called the:

A) cowper’s muscle

B) cremaster muscle

C) sigmoid flexure

D) vas deferens

C) sigmoid flexure

The term for the removal of an animal’s testicles is;

A) castration

B) estrus

C) ejaculation

D) copulation

E) semen

A) castration

The term for a castrated pig is:

A) boar

B) steer

C) gelding

D) barrow

E) capon

D) barrow

A crytorchid is:

A) a male that was castrated after reaching sexual maturity

B) a female that has multiple offspring

C) a male that has a retained testicle

D) a male that is not yet sexually mature

E) a female that is in heat

C) a male that has a retained testicle

Advantages of hand mating include: Choose all that apply:

A) mating more females per sire

B) less time and management needed

C) animals not capable of pen mating can be mated

D) less feed is required

A) mating more females per sire

C) animals not capable of pen mating can be mated

Estrous Sync may be described as:

A) times when females don’t cycle

B) times when females cycle but aren’t bred for some reason

C) manipulation of the normal estrous cycle

D) animals that cycle during gestation

C) manipulation of the normal estrous cycle

A corpus luteum forms after an egg is released from the ovary

True or False

True

Which gland secretes a fluid which cleans the urethra before ejaculation occurs?

A) seminal vesicles

B) prostate

C) cowpers

D) testicles

E) ovaries

C) cowpers

Which is NOT an advantage of estrus sync?

A) better use of time and facilities

B) once a female is synced, she will always be synced

C) female can be bred at a pre-determined time

D) offspring may be more uniform at market time

B) once a female is synced, she will always be synced

Standing Estrus in cattle lasts 15 hours: True or False

True

In which organ do sperm cells ripen or mature?

A) testicles

B) epididymis

C) vas deferens

D) prostate

E) seminal vesicles

B) epididymis

In which stage of the estrus cycle is the female most receptive to mating?

A) diestrus

B) metestrus

C) estrus

D) proestrus

e) anestrus

C) estrus

Which group are known as short-day breeders?

A) all sheep

B) black-faced sheep

C) white-faced sheep

D) horses

E) cattle

B) black-faced sheep

Which species may be called a long day breeder?

A) cattle

B) horses

C) sheep

D) swine

E) poultry

B) horses

The testicles produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone: True or False

True

The male of which species would have the highest volume of ejaculate?

A) cattle

B) swine

C) horse

D) chickens

E) sheep

B) swine

Which part of the female reproductive tract is made of dense, elastic tissue and serves as a passage for both semen and the fetus being born:

A) the cervix

B) the vagina

C) the oviduct

D) the ovary

E) none of these

A) the cervix

Compared to other females, mares have which of the following reproductive characteristics? Choose all that apply.

A) longest duration of estrus

B) shortest duration of estrus

C) longest gestation period

D) highest concentration of sperm cell production

E) shortest estrous cycle

A) longest duration of estrus

C) longest gestation period

The female of which species has the shortest duration of estrus?

A) cattle

B) sheep

C) swine

D) horses

E) a and c are the same

A) cattle

Which is a product that can be used to synchronize estrus in females? Choose all that apply.

A) LA 200

B) Lutalyse

C) regimate

D) MGA

B) Lutalyse

C) regimate

D) MGA

A corpus luteum forms after an egg is released from the ovary? True or False.

True

Progesterone is produced by the:

A) pituitary gland

B) cervix

C) follicles on the ovary

D) corpus luteum

E) testicles

D) corpus luteum

Standing Estrus in cattle lasts 15 hours.

True or false

True

Anestrous refers to:

A) females that cycle on a regular 17-21 day interval

B) females that do not cycle for periods of time

C) females that have longer than usual cycles

D) females that continue to cycle even though they are bred

B) females that do not cycle for periods of time

The cremaster muscle performs which function?

A) raises and lowers the scrotum and testicles

B) extension the sigmoid flexure

C) forces ejaculation by squeezing the testicles

D) presses on the cowper’s gland

E) allows the male to mount the female when she is in heat

A) raises and lowers the scrotum and testicles

The purpose or function of the amnion is:

A) collect and hold waste material from the developing fetus

B) fills with fluid to protect the fetus

C) allows the cervix to stretch so the fetus can pass through

D) attached to uterus to transfer nutrients

B) fills with fluid to protect the fetus

Follicles in the female are stimulated to grow by the hormone LH?
True or False

False; FSH hormone stimulates the follicles to grow

The hormone that causes muscle contractions which help expel the fetus through the birth canal is:

A) progesterone

B) relaxin

C) oxytocin

D) LH

E) estrogen

C) oxytocin

Progesterone and estrogen are both produced by the ovaries?

True or False

True; they are essential hormones for reproductive function produced by the ovaries.

The length of estrous cycle for most farm animals is 15-17 days

True or False

False

The outer most portion of the female reproductive tract is the uterus

True or False

False; the outermost portion of the female reproductive tract is the vulva.

The only conclusive sign that a cow is in estrus is standing to be mounted by other animals

True or False

True; this behavior indicates that the cow is receptive to mating.

Which are methods of syncing estrus in farm animal females? Choose all the apply:

A) using artificial lighting

B) administering hormone like products

C) feeding high fiber feeds

D) feeding high levels of fat-soluble vitamins

E) administering antibiotics

A) using artificial lighting, B) administering hormone like products

FSH induces the destruction of the CL

True or False

False

Which hormones are produced by the pituitary gland in females? Choose all that apply:
A) testosterone

B) progesterone

C) FSH

D) LH

E) estrogen

C) FSH

D) LH

As follicles grow they produce increasing amounts of estradiol

True or False

True

A female horse that has given birth is a:

A) filly

B) heifer

C) ewe

D) gelding

E) mare

E) mare

The female of which species has the shortest gestation period?

A) cattle

B) sheep

C) horses

D) swine

E) all are the same

D) swine

Which stage of gestation involves cell differentiation and attachment to the uterus or uterine wall?

A) zygote

B) fetus

C) embryo

D) none of these

C) embryo

The term for an intact horse is a:

A) gelding

B) capon

C) boar

D) stallion

E) mare

D) stallion

If a cow does not become pregnant, concentrations of progesterone will begin to decrease on day 17.

True or False

True

The first step in embryo transfer is to flush the eggs from the donor female

True or False

False

The first stage of gestation is called the embryo

True or False

False

The “normal“ presentation of a fetus is the top side up with the head and front legs ready to enter the birth canal

True or False

True

The term for giving birth in swine is:

A) foaling

B) farrowing

C) kidding

D) nurturing

E) gestating

B) farrowing

Where does the LH (Lutenizing Hormone) come from?

A) corpus luteum

B) pituitary gland

C) ovary

D) follicle

B) Pituitary Gland

What is the function of LH (Lutinizing Hormone)?

A) Cause the female to come into heat

B) Form a follicle

C) Form a CL

D) Regress the CL

D) Regress the CL

What is the order of hormones from day 0 until the end?
A) estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH

B) progesterone, estrogen, LH, FSH

C) FSH, estrogen, progesterone, LH

D) LH, progesterone, estrogen, FSH

A) estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH

What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

A) LH

B) estrogen

C) progesterone

D) prostaglandin

C) progesterone

An animal that is dominant in both traits is a

A) a crossbred

B) homozygous animal

C) heterozygous animal

D) an f1 animal

E) a purebred

B) homozygous animal

The scrotum allows animals to regulate temperatures by up to

A) 10 degrees

B) 4-6 degrees

C) 1-2 degrees

D) 3 degrees

B) 4-6 degrees

The age of first breeding of a gilt is

A) 7-8 months

B) 9-10 months

C) 5-6 months

D) 1 year

A) 7-8 months

In Hereford cattle, the whitefaced gene is dominant (W) while the horned gene is recessive. Angus cattle have the dominant gene for the polled trait (P). IF two black baldies (Hereford x Angus) are mated, what would be the expected percentage of colored faced, horned calves?

A) 56%

B) 75%

C) 12.5%

D) 0.0625%

D) 0.0625%

Semen should be deposited in the ___ when artificially inseminating a heifer.

A) uterus

B) uterine horn

C) vagina

D) cervix

A) uterus

_____ is the biological phenomenon that causes crossbred offspring to outproduce the average of their parents.

A) incomplete dominance

B) EPD’s

C) hybrid vigor

D) homozygous

C) hybrid vigor

Where does FSH come from?

A) ovary

B) pituitary gland

C) corpus luteum

D) Follicle

B) pituitary gland

How long is the beef reproductive cycle?

A) 18 days

B) 28 days

C) 24 days

D) 21 days

D) 21 days

Where does the fetus grow until birth?

A) cervix

B) uterine horn

C) uterus

D) vagina

B) uterine horn

What happens on day 0 of the cycle?

A) CL is formed

B) ovulation

C) standing heat

D) FSH release

C) standing heat

What is the catchers mit around the ovary?
A) uterine horn

B) cervix

C) infundibulum

D) labia

C) infundibulum

If a red shorthorn cow (RR) is mated to a white shorthorn bull (WW), how many roan calves could I expect?

A) 50%

B) 25%

C) 100%

D) 75%

C) 100%

____ is mating calves of similar genetic background to each other. (Father and Daughter)

A) inbreeding

B) linebreeding

C) crossbreeding

D) purebreeding

B) linebreeding

Tubes which move sperm to urethra at mating are:

A) cowpers

B) infundibulum

C) seminal vesicles

D) vas deferens

D) vas deferens

What does the egg travel down to get to the uterine horn?
A) oviduct

B) uterus

C) infundibulum

D) urethra

A) oviduct

What is the number one reason a cow does not cycle.

A) follicular cyst

B) CL will not regress

C) pituitary gland is not functioning

D) malnutrition

D) malnutrition

Estrogen comes from?
A) follicle

B) CL

C) pituitary gland

D) uterus

A) follicle

What is the pregnancy term for a cow?

A) 278

B) 280

C) 283

D) 286

C) 283

The color roan is an example of:
A) hybrid vigor

B) incomplete dominance

C) homozygous

D) line breeding

B) incomplete dominance

Occasionally a cow will get an untreatable follicular cyst that acts like a CL. Why will the cow not breed?

A) there is not a constant flow of estrogen

B) there is a constant flow of progesterone

C) there is a constant flow of prostaglandins

D) there isn’t enough FSH

B) there is a constant flow of progesterone

_____ is mating calves of the same genetic background to each other. (Brother and Sister)

Inbreeding

The age of first breeding of a horse is

A) 1 year

B) 18 months

C) 2 years

D) 30 months

C) 2 years

EPD’s are a useful tool to help producers select breeding livestock. EPD stands for?

A) estimated performance data

B) expected progency data

C) expected progency differences

D) expected performance data

C) expected progency differences

When the CL is killed or regressed what happens

A) prostaglandins are formed

B) FSH is produced

C) estrogen is produced

D) ovulation

B) FSH is produced

IF you give a female a prostaglandin shot like Lutalyse what will happen?

A) come into heat

B) form a follicle

C) kill the CL

D) end the production of FSH

C) kill the CL

How does an animal retract its penis into the body cavity

A) retraction tendon

B) copulation

C) sigmoid flexure

D) cowper’s gland

C) sigmoid flexure

In hereford cattle, the whitefaced gene is dominant (W) while the horned gene is recessive. Angus cattle have the dominant gene for the polled trait (P). If two black baldies (Hereford x Angus) are mated, what would be the expected percentage of whitefaced, polled calves?

A) 75%

B) 25%

C) 56%

D) 12.5%

C) 56%

What is formed after ovulation.

A) corpus luteum

B) follicle

C) FSH

D) LH

A) corpus luteum

An animal that is an F1 is

A) an inbred calf

B) the homozygous calf born out of a heterozygous cow

C) a linebred calf

D) the first cross between two breeds

D) the first cross between two breeds

What is MGA used for

A) allowing heifers to think they are pregnant for a few days

B) stimulating the follicle to produce FSH

C) stimulating the production of estrogen to bring heifers into heat

D) regressing the CL

A) allowing heifers to think they are pregnant for a few days

What is the number one reason for not artificially breeding or syncing cattle

A) time and labor

B) cost

C) facilities

D) poorer conception rates

A) time and labor

embryos and fetuses in mammals only ideally implant and develop in the body of the uterus.

True or False

true