AP Bio Chapter 3

Phospholipids

________: two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol- make up cell membrane- two fatty acid tails are hydrophobic, but- phosphate head and 2 2 fatty acid tails.

Steroids

________: Carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings Cholesterol and sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) Characterized by 4 fused rings (glycosidic bond between each monomer)

Chaperonins

________: protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins Denaturation: changing shape (protein won't work w /o correct shape)-- why ________ are so important.

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Living organisms consist of mostly carbon- based compounds A compound containing carbon (and hydrogen) is said to be an organic compound4 main classes of all living things (critically important molecules) ________** can form huge molecules called macromolecules Hydrocarbons: organic molecules- hydrogen and carbon only Fats have hydrocarbon components Can undergo reactions that release a lot of energy Functional Groups: the chemical groups that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions 7 Most Important Functional Groups: Hydroxyl Group- OH Carbonyl Group> C= O Carboxyl Group- COOH Amino Group- NH2 Sulfhydryl Group- SH Phosphate Group- OPO3- 2 Methyl Group- CH3 Hydroxyl Group:

Phospholipids

two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol -make up cell membrane -two fatty acid tails are hydrophobic, but -phosphate head and 2 2 fatty acid tails

Steroids

Carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings Cholesterol and sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen) Characterized by 4 fused rings (glycosidic bond between each monomer)

Proteins-functions -> everything except carrying genetic information ^ polymer Monomer

amino acid

R group

variable group, side chain (there are 20 different R groups) Peptide Bond