The Labour Market

Labour market

The place where workers look for jobs and employers look for workers, representing the interaction between labour supply and demand.

Рынок труда

Job seeker

A person who is actively looking for employment or a new job opportunity.

Соискатель / ищущий работу

Employer

A person or organization (company) that hires workers, gives them tasks, and pays them for their work.

Работодатель

Wage

Money paid to a worker based on the number of hours worked or the amount of work completed (usually paid weekly or biweekly). Сдельная / почасовая оплата

Salary

A fixed amount of money paid regularly (usually once a month) to an employee for doing their job, regardless of the exact hours worked. Оклад / фиксированная зарплата

Minimum wage

The lowest amount of money that an employer is legally allowed to pay a worker for their labour. Минимальный размер оплаты труда

Working conditions

The environment and factors of a workplace (such as hours, safety, physical space, and health standards) in which an employee operates. Условия труда

Labour supply

The total number of people who are willing and able to work, offering their services to employers. Предложение труда

Labour demand

The amount of labour that employers are willing and able to hire at a specific time. Спрос на труд

Workforce

The total number of people in a country, region, or company who are currently employed or actively looking for work. Рабочая сила / трудовые ресурсы

Employment/unemployment rate

An economic measure showing the percentage of the labor force that either has a job (employment) or does not have a job but is actively looking for one (unemployment).

Уровень занятости / безработицы

Skill level

The amount of ability, experience, and expertise a worker has to perform specific tasks effectively.

Уровень навыков / квалификации

Qualification

An official record, certificate, or degree showing that a person has completed a course of study or training and has the necessary skills for a job. Квалификация

Economic conditions

The current state of the economy (such as growth, recession, inflation, or stability) that directly influences the number of available jobs and wage rates.

Экономические условия

Labour union

An organization of workers formed to protect their rights, improve working conditions, and negotiate with employers. Профсоюз