Med term Chapter 9

adenoid/o

adenoid

immun/o

protection, immunity

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph node

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

path/o

disease

phag/o

eating

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus gland

tonsill/o

tonsil

cortic/o

cortex

cyt/o

cell

system/o

system

-ar

pertaining to

-atic

pertaining to

-cyte

cell

-ectasis

dilated

-ectomy

surgical removal

-edema

swelling

-gen

that which produces

-genic

producing

-globulin

protein

-gram

a record

-graphy

process of recording

-iasis

abnormal condition

-ic

pertaining to

-ist

specialist

-itis

inflammation

-logist

one who studies

-logy

study of

-malacia

abnormal softening

-megaly

enlarged

-oid

resembling

-oma

tumor,mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhaphy

to suture

-stasis

stopping

-therapy

treatment

-toxic

poison

anti-

against

auto-

self

mono-

one

cytotoxic

poison in the cel

intersitial

pertaining to between the tissue

thym/ectomy

surgical removal of the thymus gland

splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

thymoma

tumor or mass in the thymus gland

lymphocytopenia

too few of the lymph cell

lymphadenopathy

disease in the lymph gland

lymphopoiesis

formation of the lymph

autoimmune

relating to the self immune system

lymph/o/cyt/o/sis

abnormal condition of the lymph cell

Immunology definition

branch of medicine that diagnoses and treats conditions involving the immune system

immunologist

is a specialist in immunology who works with patients who have allergies, immunodeficiency disorders, autoimmune disease and cancer of the immune system

pathogens the lymph system is fighting

Virus, bacteria, toxins, fungi, cancerous cells, free radical cells

functions of the immune system

carry out the white blood cells that the rich in the lymph are lymphocytes

the lymphatic system

lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland, and spleen

Adenoids

is the commonly used term for pharyngeal tonsils, located on the back wall of the upper throat

immune system is responsible for

protecting the body against pathogens removing damaged cells. consist of natural immunology mechanisms and acquired immunity mechanisms.

natural immunuity

not specific to a particular pathogens, does not require prior exposure to pathogens

acquired immunity

bodys response to a specific pathogens, may be either passive or active.

passive acquired immunity

protect substances are produced by another human or animal.

active acquired immunity

develops following actual exposure to a pathogen

lymph

clear liquids collected from the body tissues by lymphatic vessels; flows through lymphatic vessels to be returned to venous circulation

lymph nodes

are small roundish organs located along the path of lymphatic vessels that house lymphocytes and other white blood cells

lymph vessels

a network of vessels that pick up excess fluid from tissue and return it to circulatory system

monocytes

important to the immune system because they are able to eat pathogens or damaged cells; monocytes cross blood vessels walls and enter spaces around tissue; at this point, they are called macrophages and continue to function by engulfing pathogens

spleen

the spleen is an organ in the lymphatic system; located on the left side of the upper abdomen; house leukocytes responsible for filtering pathogens from blood and destroying worn out blood cells.

thymus gland

located in mediastinum behind sternum; in early life is necessary for proper development of immune system; by puberty it has began to strink

tonsils

three set of tonsils are located in the throat; palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual; containing lymphatic tissue that protects the body from pathogens in air breathed and food eaten

AIDS-related complex

early stage in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in which mild symptoms of infection are present, including lymphadenopathy, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea

Acquired immunodeficiency syndroms

later stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, when the cells of the immune system lose their ability to fight off infection; patients become unable to resist opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)

allergist

physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of allergies

allergy

hypersensitivity to a common substance in environment (such as pollen), to food, or to medication

anaphylactic shock

life-threatening condition resulting from severe allergic reaction causing cardiovascular and respiratory problems; may be triggered by some insect stings/bites, medication, or certain foods; also called anaphylaxis

antibody

some lymphocytes respond to the presence of an antigen by producing antibodies, a molecule that combines with antigens to form antigen-antibody complexes; this complex prevents pathogens from being able to damage healthy cells and targets the pathogens for phagocytosis

antigen

a protein foreign to the body that produces an immune response; example are proteins present on the cell membrane of bacteria

antihistamine

medication that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reactions

antinuclear antibody titer

blood test that determined number of antibodies against cell nuclei present in bloodstream; elevated in autoimmune conditions

autoimmune disease

disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens; examples include systemic lupus erthematosus and sarcoidosis

corticosteroids

hormones produce by adrenal cortex; used as medication to treat autoimmune disease due to their very strong anti-inflammatory properties

cytotoxic cells

ells capable of physically attacking and killing pathogens or diseased cells

elephantiasis

results form blockage of lymphatic vessels that causes extreme tissue edema

HIV antigen or antibody immunoassay

blood test for both the HIV antigen and antibodies; antigens can be detected very shortly after infection; antibodies appear later (2 to 8 weeks after infection); antibody- only test may be performed using saliva

hives

common name for appearance of wheals during allergic reaction

Hodgkin’s disease

Cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes; also called Hodgkins lymphoma

Immunodeficiency

Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens; also called immunocompromised

Immunosuppressant

medication to block certain actions of immune system; used to prevent rejection of transplanted organ

inflammation

tissue response to injury; characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

Kaposi’s sarcoma

type of skin cancer is often seen in patients with AIDS; consists of brownish papules that begin in skin and spread to internal organs

Mononucleosis

acute viral infection of lymphoid tissue with large numbers of abnormal white blood cells circulating in bloodstream

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

cancer of the lymphatic tissue other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

nosocomial infection

an infection that is the results of hospital exposure; also called a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

opportunistic infections

infections seen in patients with compromised immune systems

pneumocystis pneumonia

opportunistic infection common in immunodeficiency persons; caused by fungus pneumocystis jiroveci

sarcoidosis

autoimmune disease with fibrous lesions forming lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of hands and feet

scratch test

type of allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through a light scratch to skin