Dr Brown ETSU Test 2 A and P 2

Innate Immunity

nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body

Barrier Defenses

Before any immune factors are triggered, the skin (also known as the epithelial surface) functions as a continuous, impassable barrier to potentially-infectious pathogens

Physical Barriers

Physical barrier is the environmental and natural condition that act as a barrier in communication in sending message from sender to receiver.

Chemical Barriers

The chemical characteristics of certain areas of the body that oppose colonization by microorganisms. The acidity of gastric juice, for example, prevents colonization by most disease-causing germs.

Skin

Largest Organ in the body, first line of defense

Mucous Membranes

an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages.

Ciliated Epithelium

We find ciliated epithelial tissue in our respiratory tract and in the fallopian tubes of women. Ciliated epithelium contains goblet cells, which secrete mucous

Enzymes

Proteins that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in a living organism

Stomach Acid

a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach and is composed of hydrochloric acid

Sweat

Lymph vessels do not excrete substances out onto the skin but, instead, drain excess fluid between cells and deal with threats to the body, such as bacteria or viruses.

Second Line Defenses

is nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals

Interferons

are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells

Defensins

are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins found in both vertebrates and invertebrates

Natural Killer Cells

lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens, and kill them by the insertion of granules containing perforin

Complement

because it is something in the blood that "complements" the cells of the immune system

Phagocytosis

the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans

Inflammation

a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection

Calor

swelling

Rubor

redness

Tumor

heat

Dolor

pain

Fever

an abnormally high body temperature, usually accompanied by shivering, headache, and in severe instances, delirium

Immune Self-Inventory

Antigen

a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies

Antigen Presenting Cell

MHC

T-Cell Recpetor

CD4 T-Cell

Memory T-Cell

CD8 T-Cell

Colony Stimulating Factors

Interleukins

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Granzyme

Helper T-Cell

Cytotoxic T-Cells

B-Cells

Proliferation

Differentiation

Plasma Cell

Memory B-Cell

Clone

IgA

IgD

IgE

IgG

IgM