Neurobiological Process: Genetics Fundamentals

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental genetics concepts from lecture notes, including genes, chromosomes, nucleotide bases, alleles, and mutations.

Gene

The blueprint passed down by parents that is carried in DNA.

Chromosomes

Structures of genetic material where $23$ pairs ($46$ total) are present, with $1$ pair deciding gender.

Nucleotide Bases

The four materials in DNA strands that contain our genetics: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene that decide traits such as the color of a body part (for example, hair or eye color).

Mutation

A less common variant of a gene caused by a change in the nucleotide sequence (for example, a sequence changing from $A\text{-}T\text{-}T\text{-}G\text{-}C$ to $T\text{-}A\text{-}T\text{-}G\text{-}C$).