History tudors glossary words

The Catholic Church

The most dominant religion

Sacrament

Religious ceremony when grace is given by a Priest.

Eucharist

Receiving the wine (blood) and the bread (body) of Jesus.

Baptism

Cleanses souls of sin and welcomes them into the community

Confirmation

Strengthens connection and promises to God.

Marriage

Uniting a man and a woman in a lifelong bond.

Holy orders

Becoming a priest or bishop.

Penance

Confessing sins and receiving God’s forgiveness.

Extreme Unction

A sacrament offering strength for those close to death.

Heaven

Eternal afterlife/salvation.

Hell

Eternal torment/damnation.

Purgatory

Temporary state of existence where sins are purged.

Original Sin

Eve took the apple to give to Adam-everyone born in sin.

Grace

God’s gift (entrance to heaven)

Salvation

Saved from hell and go to heaven.

Justification

Mechanism to be saved.

Two types of justification and what it is.

By good works-Charity (alms giving), pilgrimage.

By faith alone-Only way to heaven (faith to God)

Indulgences

Removal of temporal punishment

Masses for the dead

Praying for the souls of the dead to decrease time in purgatory.

Pope

The Head of the Church (ultimate authority)

Monastery

Building where monks live, work and worship.

Chantry

Chapels made to perform masses for the dead.

Liturgy

Rituals/actions

The Mass

The central act of Christian worship.

Transubstantiation

When the bread and wine turns into Jesus’ blood and body.

Penance

Making amends of the sins committed.

Absolution

Absolving/cleaning you of sin by a priest.

Pilgrimages

Journeys to places of special religious significance.

Shrine

A place dedicated to a specific saint or relic.

Relics

Remains of a saint.

Laity

The congregation ( not the priests/clergy)

Clergy ( And the two types of clergy )

The clergy were the people in the church who had been ordained to carry out religious duties.

• Secular- Priests, Bishops, Archbishops

• Regular- Monks, Friars, Nuns

Parish Priest

A member of the secular clergy and was responsible for a local parish.

Canon Law

System of rules and regulations made by the Church.

Excommunication

To cast be cast out of the Church and the salvation it offered.

Intercession/intercede

A communal prayer spoken by a leader to ask God for help on someone’s behalf.

Heresy

The holding or spreading of religious beliefs that went against the official teachings of the Catholic Church.

Abbey/Nunnery

Religious communities that housed members of the regular clergy.

Diocese

An area of the church administered by a bishop.

Archdiocese

A particularly important diocese led by an archbishop.

Lay religious guilds

Organisations of ordinary people who promoted religious devotion and helped support their local church.

vernacular bible

A bible translated into the everyday spoken language of ordinary people rather than Latin.

Ad fontes

Latin phrase meaning' ‘back to the sources’- promoted by humanists.

Sola scriptura

The bible is the sole, ultimate authority for Christian faith, practice and Church governance.

Adiaphora

religious practices that are not essential for salvation and can therefore be accepted or rejected without affecting core Christian beliefs.

Absenteesim