exam 2 hwst

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Pacific island geography, Hawaiian land systems, indigenous ecology, lunar methodologies, and traditional Polynesian arts.

Ahupua'a

Land division (towns/cities) in Moku District.

Stretching from the mountain to the sea

A way to divide land into a manageable resources based off fresh water.

Formation of Makatea Islands

Raised limestone islands form when tectonic plate activity pushes coral reefs or atolls above sea level, sometimes leaving volcanic cores. (Protection because of its height)

Hula (Hawaiian Art Definition)

A sacred storytelling art and religious dance originally danced by men to preserve histories,

Mālama 'Āina

to take care of the land so it can take care of you

Pacific Ocean Island Count

$$10{,}000$$

Hawai'i (Island Type)

A volcanic island

Mo'o and ili

A small, sacred plot of land within an ahupua’a

ili is a sliver of land

both sacred, mountain to sea, family gardens

Traditional Purposes of Pacific Tattoos

visual representations of genealogy and lineage, marking kuleana and rank, and sacred rites of passage such as puberty.

ink made from kukui nut

Environmental Challenges of Atolls

poor and infertile soil, a severe lack of fresh water, and low elevation without mountains for natural storm protection.

Kapa

Traditional cloth beaten from wauke (paper mulberry) and plant fibers, used primarily for traditional Hawaiian clothing and blankets.

1778 Hawaiian Population Estimate

$1{,}000{,}000$Evidence of extensive agricultural and food production.

Pacific Ocean Earth Surface Coverage

$$\frac{1}{3}$$

Dictation of Hawaiian Practices (Kaulana Mahina)

Traditional Hawaiian prayer, fishing, and farming practices were governed by the phases of the lunar cycle (Mahina).

Hawaiian Art and Mana Relationship

An artisan channels and infuses their spiritual mana into an object during creation, and the wearer's mana level is high-ranking.

Leadership Responsibilities in Hawai'i

Good traditional leaders were expected to mālama both the 'āina (land) and the kanaka (people).

Continental Island

An island type characterized by expansive land space, old metamorphic or mineral rock (such as obsidian), diverse resources, and mineral-rich, fertile soil.

Happy Face Spider (Species Classification)

An endemic species that evolved in Hawai'i (such as in lava tubes near Kīlauea and Mt. Ka'ala) and occurs naturally nowhere else in the world.

Primary Protein Source in Traditional Hawai'i

Fish (i'a)

Total Islands in Ka Pae 'Āina o Hawai'i

Composed of $132$ islands$1500\text{ miles}$ across the archipelago.

Nā Mea No'eau

The Hawaiian term for arts and crafts, a skillfully creative masterpiece

Core Purpose of Hawaiian Art

Functional utility and cultural expression: masterfully made creations designed with purpose to honor gods, preserve histories, and serve practical everyday or ceremonial needs.

Yellow Feathers (Hulu)

Yellow feathers were the rarest, gathered without killing the birds, and reserved exclusively to signify royalty and high ali'i status.

The 3 Ws

Wind, Waves, and Wings (birds); the three natural dispersal mechanisms by which native colonizing species arrived in the isolated Hawaiian Islands.

Mokupuni (Example)

An entire island

Hawaiian Cultural Resource Goal

Traditional cultural values, communal stewardship, and land divisions enabled Hawai'i to be $100\%$ self-sufficient ('āina momona).

Staple Traditional Hawaiian Crop

Kalo (taro)

Lei (Hawaiian Art Definition)

Symbol of aloha, a spiritual wearable art form connected to nature and genealogy.

Daily Labor in Traditional Hawai'i

$4\text{ hours}$ of work a day

'Aumakua

A deified ancestral family guardian who manifests in nature (such as an animal, plant, or cloud) to provide guidance, wisdom, and protection

Mana

spiritual power, orginates from the environment utilizing natural resources. An artists puts his mana into everything he makes

ahu’ula

feather cape

lua

pit

pua

flower/ children

kapu

sacred

laulima

teamwork

lokomaika’i

generosity/mutal relastionship

kuleana

responsibility or privilege to have thgat responsibility

pono

balence and harmony

Mahina

moon

pope

full moon

emi

waning moon

ho’onui

growing moon

lawai’a

fishing

mahi’ia

fish

loko I’a

enclosed fish growing sanctuary

kakau

tattoo