Renaissance and Reformation Quiz

Renaissance

Means "rebirth"; began in Italy in the mid-1400s and lasted into the 1600s; revived the grandeur of ancient Rome

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

Urban society with wealthy trade cities, recovery from the Black Death, and rich patrons like the Medici

Three themes of the Renaissance

Urban, Secular, Individual

Urban Society

A system in which cities are at the center of political, economic, and social life; focus on money, trade, and commercial capitalism

Secular

Worldly; not religious

Individual (Renaissance theme)

Understanding yourself; education; the person matters, not just the group

Humanism

An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on humanities studies; focused on the classics and civic life

Petrarch

Father of the Italian Renaissance and of humanism

Humanist education subjects

History, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, math, astronomy, music, physical education

Goal of humanist education

Reach your full potential through the liberal arts

Female roles in the Renaissance

Largely absent from public life; studied history; mainly prepared for religion and morals

Vernacular

The common language of the people (not Latin)

Dante

Italian author of the Divine Comedy; wrote in his own language (vernacular)

Chaucer

English author of the Canterbury Tales; wrote in the vernacular

Castiglione

Described the ideal noble: has character, grace, and talent; needs military skills; follows a code of conduct

Machiavelli

Wrote one of the most influential works of political power (The Prince); understand human nature and set aside personal morals

Francesco Sforza

Conquered the city of Milan and became its duke

Medici family

Very wealthy family that took over Florence; major patrons of art

Fresco

A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paint

Masaccio

Most famous for fresco painting

Perspective (art)

Creates a 3D illusion; organizes outdoor space and light; studies movement and human anatomy

High Renaissance

Final stage of Renaissance painting (1490-1520)

Leonardo da Vinci

Painter, sculptor, inventor, and mathematician

Michelangelo

Accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect

Northern Artistic Renaissance

Based in Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg; painted illustrations for books and wooden panels

Jan van Eyck

Flemish painter; first to use oil paint

Durer

Northern Renaissance artist

Christian Humanism

A movement with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

Desiderius Erasmus

Christian humanist who wanted to reform the Church, not break away; wrote The Praise of Folly

The Praise of Folly

Erasmus's 1511 work mocking Church practices like greed, focus on money, and war

Why did Erasmus want to reform the Church instead of leaving it?

He still considered himself Catholic and believed it could be fixed from within

Indulgence

A payment to the Church that reduces punishment for sin

Martin Luther

Catholic priest and professor who began the Reformation in the early 1500s

95 Theses

Luther's objections to indulgences and papal supremacy (1517)

Salvation

The state of being saved

Justification by faith alone

Luther's belief that people are saved by faith, not by good works or payments

Predestination

The belief that God has already decided who will be saved

John Calvin

Swiss Protestant reformer who taught predestination

Anabaptists

Believed in adult baptism (the Amish come from this group)

Annul

To declare invalid

Henry VIII

English king who wanted an annulment, broke from Rome, and created the Church of England

Edict of Worms

Declared Luther an outlaw and banned his writings

Charles V

The Holy Roman Emperor

Peace of Augsburg

Formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany

Catholic Reformation methods

Ended the sale of indulgences, created the Index of Prohibited Books, and used the Inquisition against critics

Legacy of the Reformation

End of religious unity, higher literacy, individual moral responsibility, more conflict and intolerance