Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
GENE THERAPY
Replacing an abnormal gene with a healthy copy of the gene
GENE THERAPY
Inactivating an abnormal gene that is functioning improperly
Gene Expression
Process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product, such as a protein.
mRNA & Protein
Gene is expressed when there is:
DNA MICROARRAY
is used to identify or determine gene expression and also regulation.
mutation
If all genes are turned ON, there is a possibility for ________ cell.
Insulin
Melanin
What is enzymes is off in the Muscle
Myosis
Melanin
What is enzymes is off in the pancreatic islet
DNA MICROARRAY
measure the expression of levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.
biopsy sample
sample to get a suspected sample of healthy and cancer cells
Poly-T primers
Acts as “wire or adaptor” to the mRNA
Reverse transcriptase
An enzyme which will synthesize a strand of complementary DNA (cDNA)
green
color that indicates healthy cells
RED
color that indicates cancerous cells
YELLOW
color that indicates both healthy and cancerous cells
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Also known as recombinant DNA technology
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Comprises multiple techniques for the intentional manipulation of genetic material to alter, repair, or enhance form or function
GENE THERAPY
Experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease
1932
year when Genetic Engineering was first presented at Sixth International Congress of Genetics
1944
Macleod and McCarty
year and who suggested that genes could be transferred within nucleic acids
Clyde E. Keeler
first use the term gene therapy
1960s and 1970s
year that set the basis of molecular genetics and gene transfer
1970
Stanfield Rogers
at what year that The first deliberate transfer of foreign genes into human recipients with a therapeutic purpose, and was performed by ___________
Martin Cline
in july 1980, who headed another highly controversial human trial designed to treat B-thalassemia
1983
in this year, Enzyme-producing-gene-corrected cells were further theorized as viable approach for treating Lesch-Nyhan disease
Somatic Cell Gene Therapy
Will not be inherited in later generations
Germ Line Cell Gene Therapy
Example: genes are introduced to egg cell or sperm cell
Somatic Cell Gene Therapy
introduction of genes into bone marrow cells, blood cells,
Somatic Cell Gene Therapy
Can be Ex vivo or in vivo
In vitro gene therapy
Non-viral delivery system
Viral delivery system
In vitro gene therapy
Viruses currently being used for HCC gene therapy
Ex vivo gene therapy
Cells modified in vitro Modified cell – place inside the sterile petri dish
VIRAL VECTORS
Vehicle for gene delivery
Retrovirus
Adenovirus
Adeno-associated virus
Herpes simplex virus
TYPES OF VIRAL VECTORS
naked DNA
It is the simplest non-viral method
Naked DNA
Clinical trials carried out intramuscular injection of the _______ plasmid have occurred with some successes.
OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
Used of the synthetic oligonucleotides and the gene therapy can activate genes involved disease process
LIPOPLEXES AND POLYPLEXES
Improve the delivery of new DNA into the cell.
gene silencing
It generally describe the “switching off’ of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic modification
gene silencing
same as gene knock down but is totally different from gene knock out
Gene Silencing
Technique that aims to reduce or eliminate the production of a protein to its corresponding gene
Jorgesen
in 1990, who deepen the pigmentation in petunias Introduction of transgenes homologous to endogenous genes often resulted in plants with both gene suppressed called – co suppression
1995
In this year, Guo and Kemphues - Injection of either antisense or sense RNA in the germline of C.elegans was equally effective at silencing at homologous target genes
Craig Mello
Andrew Fire
in 1998, this two scientist provide an extension of the experiment of Guo and Kemphues
2001
Year when Synthetic exogenous siRNA to induce sequence-specific gene knockdown in mammalian cells in vitro
1998
year when the First description of dsRNA as trigger for gene specific silencing and term as RNAi
mouse
in year 2002, first in vitro gene slicing with RNAi is done in what animal?
2006
Year when a Systemic administration of siRNA in non-human primates. it is also the same year when Andry Fire and Craig awarded the Nobel Prize for discovery of RNAi
2008
Proof of concept for use of an RNAi therapeutic in humans was provided in this year
2013
This year provided Explosive growth for basic research and therapeutic intervention in various diseases