ch.8 pt.1

nearly half of the body’s mass

muscle tissue

Muscle tissue is able to transform chemical energy into directed __________ energy, which is capable of exerting force

mechanical

muscle cell cytoplasm

sarcoplasm

three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Only skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated and referred to as _______ _______

muscle fibers

skeletal muscle is attached to _____ and _____

bones and skin

Which muscle fibers are longest of all muscle?

skeletal muscle fibers

Skeletal muscle fibers have _________

striations

what is another term for skeletal muscle?

voluntary muscle

where is cardiac muscle found?

heart

Cardiac makes up bulk of heart walls called _______

myocardium

Is cardiac muscle striated?

yes

where do you typically find smooth muscle?

hollow organs

list some examples of organs/systems/structures where smooth muscle is found

gi, urinary bladder, blood vessels, and airways

is smooth muscle striated?

no

All muscles share four main characteristics

excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Ability to receive and respond to stimuli

excitability

Ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

contractility

Ability to recoil to resting length

elasticity

Ability to be stretched

Extensibility

Four important functions of muscle tissue

produce movement, maintain posture and body position, stabilize joints, and generate heat as they contract

what organs has its own internal nervous system, allowing it function separate from the body’s nervous system?

heart

what do connective tissue sheaths do?

support and reinforce muscle

connective tissue sheath

_________

surrounds entire muscle

epimysium

connective tissue sheath

_________

surrounds fascicles

perimysium

connective tissue sheath

_________

surrounds each muscle fiber

endomysium

groups of muscle fibers

fascicles

Muscles attach to bone in at least ____ places

two

attachment to immovable or less movable bone

origin

attachment to movable bone

insertion

Attachments can be direct to bone or indirectly via a _______

tendon

Muscle is made of _______

fascicles

what are fascicles made up of?

muscle fibers

what are muscle fibers made up of?

myofibrils

what are myofibrils made up of?

myofilaments

what are two examples of myofilaments?

actin and myosin

Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells that contain multiple ______

nuclei

muscle fiber plasma membrane

Sarcolemma