Intro to basic maths and physics

What is the name and abbreviation for mass

• Kilogram

  • Kg

What is the name and abbreviation for length

• metre

  • m

• centimetre

  • cm

• millimetre

  • mm

What is the name and abbreviation for time

• seconds

  • S (sec)

What is the name and abbreviation for temperature

• Kelvin

  • K

What is the name and abbreviation for amount of substance

• Mole

  • mol

What is the name and abbreviation for electric current

• ampere

  • A

What is the name and abbreviation for Absorbed dose

• Gray

  • Gy

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for Gigametre

• prefix

  • giga

• 2 abbreviations

  • G + Gm

• standard form

  • 10⁹

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for Megametre

• prefix

  • Mega

• 2 abbreviations

  • M + Mm

• standard form

  • 10⁶

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for kilometre

• prefix

  • kilo

• 2 abbreviations

  • k + Km

• standard form

  • 10³

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for decimetre

• prefix

  • deci

• 2 abbreviations

  • d + dm

• standard form

  • 10^-1

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for centimetre

• prefix

  • centi

• 2 abbreviations

  • c + cm

• standard form

  • 10^-2

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for millimetre

• prefix

  • milli

• 2 abbreviation

  • m + mm

• standard form

  • 10^-3

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for micrometer

• prefix

  • micro

• 2 abbreviations

  • µ^{a +} µm

• standard form

  • 10^-6

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for nanometer

• prefix

  • nano

• 2 abbreviations

  • n + nm

• standard form

  • 10^-9

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for picometer

• prefix

  • pico

• 2 abbreviations

  • p + pm

• standard form

  • 10^-12

What is the prefix, 2 abbreviations, and standard form for femtometer

• prefix

  • femto

• 2 abbreviations

  • f + fm

• standard form

  • 10^-15

What is the function of similar triangles

• allow us to determine the effects of varying focal skin distance upon field sizes

What statements have to be true for 2 triangles to be similar

• 3 sides are in the same proportion

• 2 sides are in the same proportion + their angle is equal

• 3 angles of first triangle are equal to 3 triangles of second triangle

What is the equation for similar triangles

A/A = B/B = C/C

What is the equation for field size

( Known field size / New FSD ) / Old FSD

What is an atom

• diameter of 10^-10 cm

• made up of

  • protons

  • neutrons

  • electrons

• protons + neutrons = nucleus

• electrons orbit nucleus

What is the nucleus

• protons have a positive charge

  • kept together by nuclear force

  • number of protons + electors are equal

What is the relative charge of subatomic particles

• proton

  • +1

• neutron

  • 0

• electron

  • -1

What is a mass number

• protons + neutrons

What is an atomic number

• number of protons

What are electron shells

• each shell has a letter

• shell closest to nucleus → lowest energy electrons

• L-shell electrons → more energy

How are electron shells filled

• K-shell → 2 electrons

• L-shell → 8 electrons

• M-shell → 18 electrons

• electrons → 2 x (shell number)²

What is electron binding energy

• electrons tied into atom by binding energy

• k-shell electrons have lowest energy

  • bound tightly to nucleus

• closer to positively charged nucleus

What is energy

• the ability to do work

• kinetic

  • wok has been done on a body

• potential

  • work can be done on a body

What is the law of conservation of energy

energy in a system cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed into one form or another

What 3 ways can heat travel

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

what is conduction

• heat is transferred directly from one body part to its neighbouring part

• atoms in hot region have more kinetic energy

  • vibrate more

What is convection

• heat can be transferred through a liquid or gas by convection

• hot fluid less dense than fluid around it

  • begins to rise

• replaced by cooler fluid

• produces convection current

  • transfers heat

What is radiation

• occur in a vacuum

• hot particles vibrate

  • emit energy as electromagnetic radiation

What is electromagnetic energy

• different kinds of energies released into space by stars such as the sun

• defined by wavelength and frequency

What are the properties of EM radiation

• travel at same speed

  • 3×10⁸ m/s

• can cross a vacuum

• travel in straight lines

• comprised of electric and magnetic waves

• obey the inverse square law

What is the inverse square law

• the intensity of radiation from a point source is inversely proportional to the distance from the source

• I is inversely proportional to 1/d²

What is ionising radiation

• loss of electron to cause atom to be charged or ionised

What are the 5 types of ionising radiation

• x-ray

• alpha particles

• beta particles

• gamma particles

• neutrons