DOMAIN 1 PART A

Growth is the quantitative increase in body size from birth to adulthood and reflects the interaction of genetic potential, nutrition, hormonal factors, chronic disease, psychosocial environment, and prenatal and placental factors, with the key assessment method being __________.

longitudinal measurements.

Normal term birth weight is approximately __________.

3 to 3.5 kg.

Physiological neonatal weight loss can be up to __________ of birth weight, usually regained by 10 to 14 days.

7 to 10 percent.

At birth, the average head circumference of a normal term newborn is approximately __________.

35 cm.

Short stature is generally defined as height below approximately __________ S D.

minus 2.

The expected adult height is usually within __________ cm of target height.

plus or minus 8.5 cm.

In girls, the first pubertal sign is __________, while in boys it is __________.

breast development; testicular enlargement.

Infants have a higher total body water percentage, approximately __________ for term newborns.

75 percent.

Children, especially infants, have a __________ metabolic rate per kilogram compared to adults.

higher.

The neonatal and infant immune system is considered __________, making young infants more vulnerable to severe infections.

immature.

A key principle in pediatric pharmacology is that drug therapy cannot simply be calculated as a proportion of the adult dose due to differences in __________.

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

Normal values for heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure change with __________.

age.

In assessing growth, __________ involves evaluating serial measurements of growth velocity, percentiles, BMI, and head circumference.

longitudinal growth.

The first year of life typically sees a growth in length by approximately __________ cm.

25 cm.

Estrogen causes __________ of the growth plates in both sexes during puberty.

closure.

For boys, mid-parental target height is calculated by adding the father's height to the mother's height, then adding __________ before dividing by 2.

13 cm.

In children, __________ and __________ are critical regulators of growth during infancy and childhood.

growth hormone; IGF-1.

During the first two years, head circumference grows rapidly due to __________.

rapid brain growth.

Being short in stature is not automatically considered pathological unless accompanied by other __________.

red flags.