higher order functions

primary motor cortex

pre central gyrus, directs voluntary movements of contralateral musclces

primary sensory cortex

post central gyrus, recieves contralateral somatic sensory info: touch, pressure, pain

olfactory cortex

sense of smell, medial surface of temporal lobe

gustatory cortex

sense of tase, insular lobe

visual cortex

sense of sight, occipital lobe

auditory cortex

sense of hearing, superior temporal lobe

functional areas of cerebral cortex

somatic motor association, somatosensory association area, auditory association, visual association, general interpretive area

prefrontal cortex

coordinates info from all association area, intellectual functions, predicts consequences, planning, determination of appropriateness of actions

left hemisphere

language based skills, analytical, mathmatical, logic skills

right hemisphere

identification of objects based on sensory information, recognizing faces, analyze emotional context of event

EEG

measures brain wave activity

alpha waves

healthy resting adult

beta waves

concentrating adult

theta waves

normal children, adults experiencing frustration and anxiety

delta waves

sleep

reticular formation

medulla oblongata through mesencephalon of brainstem, recieves input from all parts of brain

reticular activating system

important for arousal and maintenance of conciousness, recieves input from cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, sensory and motor pathways, becomes less responsive with fatigue

conscious

alertness and awareness

unconscious

sleep, can be awoken by external stimuli

coma, cannot be awoken by external stimuli

deep sleep

body is relaxed, cerebral cortex activity is low, delta waves

REM

active dreaming, muscle activity inhibited, alpha waves

limbic system functions

motivational system, behavioral drives, emotional states, memory storage and retrieval

hypothalamus

centers responsible for emotions

hippocampus and fornix

storage and retrieval of memory

amygdaloid body

links emotions to memory

sensory memories

stored in sensory association areas

skill memories

learned motor functions that can be done subconsciously