Mammals of North America

Eukaryote

Animal

Chordate

Vertebrate

Tetrapod

Amniote

Synapsida

What is a mammal

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Nested hierarchy

6557

How many species of mammals?

1341

How many genera of mammals?

167

How many families of mammals?

27

How many orders of mammals?

3-150,000,000g

What is the size range of mammals?

Eukaryia

what is the domain of mammals?

Animalia

what is the kingdom of mammals

chordata

what is the phylum of mammals

Vertebrata

what is the subphylum for mammals?

Mammalia

what is the class of mammals?

prototheria and theria

what are the subclass of mammals

marsupialia and placentalia

what is the infraclasses in mammals

saltatorial

jumping

richochetal

random bouncing

volant

flying

glissant

gliding

cursorial

running

fossorial

digging

scansorial

climbing

ambulatory

walking

plantigrade

walking on palm

digitigrade

walking on digits

unguligrade

walks on nails/tips of digits

1.9 million

how many identified animals

39

how many families in North America?

altruism

doing something for another at a cost to yourself

can’t evolve

male

a young fat mother will have what type of baby

female

a young skinny mother will have what type of baby

female

a old fat mother will have what type of baby

male

a old skinny mother will have what type of baby

endotherm

make their own heat through metabolic processes

poikilotherm

don’t keep a steady temperature ex. hibernation

homeothermic

keeping a stable body temp

hair

4-chambered heart

enucleate erythrocytes

mammary glands

muscular diaphragm

unique skull:

single dentary bone

three ossicles of the middle ear

two occipital condyles

unique characters of mammals

decreases

what happens to SA:V when volume increases

increases

what happens to SA:V when size decreases

increases

what happens to SA:V when SA increases

decreases

what happens to SA:V when SA decreases

Nearctic, Neotropical, Ethiopian, Palearctic, Oriental, Australian, oceanic

name the faunal regionsw

palearctic

what faunal region has the least endemic speciese

ethiopian

what faunal region has the most families

neotropical

what faunal region has the most endemic families

Chiroptera and primates

What orders are cosmopolitan

Nearctic, 37 families, 2 endemic

faunal region with US and canadaN

Neotropical, 50 families, 22 endemic

faunal region with C and S America

Ethiopian, 52 families, 20 endemic

South african faunal region

Palearctic, 42 families, 0 endemic

european/russian/chinese faunal regionO

Oriental, 50 families, 5 endemic

Indian faunal region

Australian, 28 families, 20 endemic

australia faunal region

Oceanic, ??

faunal region of water

Monotremata

name all orders within subclass prototheria

monotremata

echidnas and duck-billed platypus

• oviparous

• cloaca

• no teeth in adults

• no external pinnae

• epipubic bone present

• venomous spine on hind foot in males

• mammary glands without nipples

• endemic to Australian region

Chorion, Allantois, Amnion, yolk sac

4 layers of amniote egg

amnion

what amniote egg layer holds the embryo

allantois

what layer of the amniote eggs holds the waste

chorion

what is the outer membrane of the amniote egg

yolk sac

what part of the amniote egg feeds the embryo

1

how many fenestra does a synapsid have

0

how many fenestra does an anapsid have

monotremata

what order has a cloaca

monotremata

what order has a venomous spine on hind foot in males

monotremata

what order has mammary glands without nipples

Didelphimorphia

opposums

• most generalized marsupials

• 50 teeth (primitive number for marsupials)

• opposable and clawless hallux

• marsupium present to absent

• tail often long and prehensile

• neotropical and nearctic region

didelphimorphia

what order is the most generalized marsupial

Didelphimorphia

what order has opposable and clawless hallux

Didelphidae

what family is in order didelphimorphia

Didelphidae

• small incisors, long rostrum, narrow braincase, prominent sagittal crest

• first digit on hind foot is opposable

• long, naked, scaly prehensile tail

• marsupium

Didelphidae

what family has a first digit hind foot that's opposable

Didelphidae

what family has small incisors, long rostrum, narrow braincase, and a prominent sagittal crest

Didelphidae

what family has a long naked scaley prehensile tail

Paucituberculata

shrew or rat opposums

• resemble shrews with elongate heads and reduced eyes

• feet unspecialized

• tail long but not prehensile

paucituberculata

what order resembles shrew with elongate heads and reduced eyes

paucituberculata

what order has unspecialized feet

paucituberculata and peramelemorphia

what 2 orders has a long not prehensile tail

paucituberculata

what order has no marsupium

microbiotheria

• tail accumulates fat for hibernation (moderately prehensile)

• 50 teeth

• marsupium present

• neotropical region

• endemic to neotropical region

neotropical

what faunal region is Microbiotheria endemic to

3 sp

how many species is in microbiotheria

microbiotheria

what order has a tail that accumulates fat for hibernation (moderat

didelphimorphia and microbiotherias,

what orders have 50 teeth

Dasyuromorphia

marsupial mice and cat, tasmanian wolf, tasmanian devil and numbat

• 42-46 teeth

• platigrade in most, digitigrade in cursorial forms

• tail long and furred, not prehensile

• marsupium often absent

  • endemic to Australian region

dasyuromorphia

what order has 42-46 teeth?

dasyuromorphia

what order is plantigrade in most; digitigrade in cursorial forms

dasyuromorphia

what order has a long, furred, not prehensile tail

australian

what faunal region is dasyuromorphia endemic to

Peramelemorphia

bandicoots and bilbies

• snout elongate and pointed

• 46-48 teeth

• hind limbs longer than fore limbs

• tail long but not prehensile

• marsupium present- open rearwards

  • endemic to australian region

peramelemorphia

what order has a elongate and pointed snout

peramelemorphia

what order has 46-48 teeth

peramelemorphia

what order has hind limbs that are longer than fore limbs

peramelemorphia

what order has bandicoots

australian

what faunal region is peramelemorphia endemic to

Notoryctemorphia

marsupial mole

• fossorial

• eyes are covered by skin and nonfunctional (vestigal)

• reduced pinnae

• enlarged claws

• marsupium partly divided into 2 areas

• endemic to Australian region

notoryctemorphia

what order has eyes covered by skin and nonfunctional (vestigial)

notoryctemorphia

what order has enlarged claws

notoryctemorphia

what order has a marsupium partly divided into 2

australian

what faunal region is notoryctemorphia endemic to

notoryctemorphia, afrosoricida, eulipotyphla

what orders have reduced pinnae?