Music Midterm #2

major scale sequence

W-W-H-W-W-W-H

minor scale sequence

W-H-W-W-H-W-W

harmonic minor scale sequence

W-H-W-W-H-W+H-H

melodic minor scale sequence

W-H-W-W-W-W-H

track for 2nds, 3rds, 6ths, 7ths

diminished - minor - major - augmented

track for unisons, 4ths, 5ths, and octaves

diminished - perfect - augmented

perfect consonances

P1 (unison), P4, P5, P8

imperfect disssonances

m3, M3, m6, M6

dissonances

m2, M2, P4, m7, M7, Aug/Dim

major triad

a chord consisting of the root, major third, and perfect fifth. 4 + 3 half steps

minor triad

a chord consisting of the root, minor third, and perfect fifth. 3 + 4 half steps

diminished triad

a chord consisting of the root, minor third, and diminished fifth. 3 + 3 half steps

augmented triad

a chord consisting of the root, major third, and augmented fifth. 4 + 4 half steps

major 7th

major triad + major seventh above the root. 4, 3, 4

major-minor 7th or dominant 7th (when root is ^5)

major triad + minor seventh. 4, 3, 3

minor 7th

minor triad + minor seventh above the root. 3, 4, 3

half-diminished 7th

diminished triad + minor seventh above the root. 3, 3, 4

diminished 7th (fully diminished)

diminished triad + diminished seventh above the root. 3, 3, 3

inversion: root position

root, third, fifth

inversion: first inversion

third, fifth, root

inversion: second inversion

fifth, root, third

major scale roman numerals

I, ii, iii, IV, V, vi, viii(o), I

minor scale roman numerals

i, ii(o), III(+), iv, v, VI, VII, i

harmonic minor scale roman numerals

i, ii(o), III(+), iv, V, VI, vii(o), i

melodic minor scale roman numerals

i, ii, III(+), IV, V, vi(o), vii(o), i

root position roman numeral for triads

5 3

first inversion roman numeral for triads

6 3 = 6

second inversion roman numeral for triads

6 4 = 6 4

root position roman numeral for sevenths

7 5 3 = 7

first inversion roman numeral for sevenths

6 5 3 = 6 5

second inversion roman numeral for sevenths

6 4 3 = 4 3

third inversion roman numeral for sevenths

6 4 2 = 4 2 (2)

system

line of music

transposition

transfer of music up or down in register by a specific interval

score

sheet music

nonharmonic tones

notes present that are not part of the harmony

harmonic tones

notes belonging to the harmony

harmonic progression

the order in which harmonies occur. in popular music, it is common for a harmonic progression to be repeated, producing an audible pattern

harmonic rhythm

the rate at which the harmonies change

syncopation

emphasis on relatively weaker beats. it does not the divide the measure into equal subdivisions.

phrase

a stand-alone segment of music

tonic harmony

chord built on the very first note (the root) of that key

half cadence

a cadence ending on the dominant harmony (V). half cadences are resting points that sound unresolved

authentic cadence

a cadence ending on the tonic harmony and preceded by the dominant harmony (VI). authentic cadences are resting points that sound relatively resolved.

motive

short rhythmic or intervallic recurring musical idea

chromatic/chromaticism

notes that are not in the given key signature

modal mixture

borrowing chords from the parallel major or minor

truck driver’s gear change

repeating the chorus up by step (either half step or whole step)

modulate

change in key of the piece

closely related key

all the keys that share the same key signature or differ by one accidental. parallel key can also be considered this