E-Commerce, Databases, and Data Science

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, definitions, architectures, and principles of e-commerce, relational databases, SQL commands, and data science.

E-Commerce

Short for electronic commerce; refers to buying and selling goods or services through electronic networks, especially the Internet.

Traditional Commerce

Commercial activity that usually involves buying and selling through physical stores or face-to-face transactions.

Business Objective

A specific goal that a business wants to achieve, such as increasing sales or connecting inventory and delivery systems.

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

An e-commerce business model where a business sells goods or services directly to individual customers.

B2B (Business-to-Business)

An e-commerce business model where one business sells goods or services to another business.

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)

An e-commerce business model where one individual sells goods or services to another individual, often through an online marketplace.

C2B (Consumer-to-Business)

An e-commerce business model where an individual offers goods or services to a business.

In-house Development

A system development approach where the company builds and manages its own system using its own team.

Outsourcing

A development approach where a company hires an external provider to develop or maintain the system.

Off-the-shelf Software

A development approach where a company uses an existing product or platform that is ready to use or configure.

Cloud Services

Computing resources provided over a network, such as cloud-hosted servers or databases.

Online Marketplace

A platform that connects buyers and sellers, allowing other individuals or businesses to list and sell their products.

Online Auction

A selling method in which buyers submit bids according to the platform's rules.

Fixed-price Listing

A listing method in which the seller specifies the price instead of asking buyers to compete through bids.

Digital Wallet

An application or service that stores payment credentials or wallet balances and facilitates electronic payments.

Cash on Delivery (COD)

A payment method where the customer pays when the product is delivered, which is not necessarily an electronic payment.

Database

An organized collection of related data that can be stored, accessed, managed, and updated.

Field (Attribute)

A single category of information in a database table, represented as a column.

Record (Row / Tuple)

A collection of related fields describing one person, product, or item, representing a single entry in a table.

Table

An organized collection of related records, commonly arranged in rows and columns.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software used to create, organize, retrieve, update, and manage data in a database.

Relational Database

A database model that organizes data into tables and establishes relationships between related tables.

Schema

The defined structure of a database, including its tables, columns, data types, and relationships.

Primary Key

A field, or combination of fields, used to uniquely identify each row in a table; it cannot contain a NULL value.

Foreign Key

A field, or combination of fields, used to establish a relationship with a key in another table, usually its primary key.

SQL (Structured Query Language)

A language used to define, retrieve, and manipulate data in relational databases.

Query

A structured request for information or an operation involving data in a database.

SELECT (SQL)

The SQL command whose purpose is to retrieve data and show information from a table.

WHERE Clause (SQL)

A clause in an SQL statement used to filter rows according to a specified condition.

INSERT (SQL)

The SQL command whose purpose is to add data by creating a new record in a table.

UPDATE (SQL)

The SQL command whose purpose is to modify data by changing existing information in a table.

DELETE (SQL)

The SQL command whose purpose is to remove data by deleting one or more records from a table.

Data Science

The field of using data, statistical methods, computing, and analytical techniques to discover patterns, answer questions, and support decisions.

Data

Individual observations, facts, or recorded values.

Information

Data that has been organized or summarized so that it is easier to understand.

Insight

An interpretation of information that may help guide a decision or further investigation.

Big Data

Datasets whose size, speed of generation, or complexity make them difficult to manage and analyze using traditional data-processing methods.

Volume (Big Data)

The dimension of Big Data that refers to the amount of data being collected and stored.

Velocity (Big Data)

The dimension of Big Data that refers to how quickly data is generated, received, or needs to be processed.

Variety (Big Data)

The dimension of Big Data that refers to the different forms and sources of data, such as text, images, videos, and logs.

Data Mining

The process of examining data to discover useful patterns, relationships, trends, or unusual observations.

Personal Data

Information that relates to an identifiable person, such as contact details, account identifiers, or purchase history.

Metadata

Information that describes other data, such as creation time, camera model, and image dimensions for a photo file.

Data Privacy Act of 2012

The applicable privacy law in the Philippines governing the handling of personal information.