QA & AI - Quiz 2

FDA

fluoro is regulated by what part of the US government

2.0mm Pb eq

tower housing must have what amount of lead equivalent

0.25mm Pb eq

the bucky slot cover & curtain must have what amount of lead equivalent

21 mGy/min per mA at 80 kVp

tabletop intensity limit is what

100 mGy/min

max exposure rate for normal fluoro

200mGy/min

max exposure rate for high dose fluoro

15” (38cm)

source-to-skin distance minimum for stationary

12” (30cm)

source-to-skin distance minimum for mobile

2.5mm Al eq. over 70kVp

fluoro tube filtration minimum

3%

collimators must restrict the beam input size to within ____

intensifying screens

part of the film world, film/screen contact tests were conducted to limit blur

protective lead apparel

need to be checked annually, fluoro or high kVp radiography or CT

film illuminators

viewbox illumination- measured by luminance

NCRP (national council of radiation protection)

sets dose limits & protective equipment standards

0.5mm Pb eq

lead aprons & thyroid collars must meet what requirement

50mSv/year

what is the yearly dose limit set by the NCRP

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

SMPTE

SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)

pattern is used to observe luminance patches

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA

Digital Imaging and Communication

DICOM

NEMA-DICOM

gray scale display function (GSDF)- consistent grayscale appearance; GSDF (is mandated for all digital display devices in 1998 (including flat panel displays)

Deutsches Institut

DIN 2001

DIN 2001

publication-developed to address requirements for digital displays

video electronics standard association

VESA

VESA

set of instructions that can be used to evaluate system performance

American Association of Physicists in Medicine (Task group 18)

AAPM TG 18

AAPM TG 18 tests

developed by the AAPM and ACR for teleradiology, AAPM TG patterns can be used for QC - daily monitoring

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AAPM Report No. OR-03 has _____ test patterns to assess display characteristics- distortion, reflection, luminance, noise, and spatial resolution of the monitors

daily tests

visual inspection of IR and monitors, CR-PSP reader check by erasing plate, FPD IR’s as recommended by manufacturer

monthly tests

some facilities erase all PSPs monthly, workstation calibrations

quarterly tests

clean and inspect all PSP plates and cassettes, more thorough QC tests, ______ repeat rate

annual tests

medical physicist will conduct and review test data

General Image Quality: AAPM TG18-QC

looks for general image quality, distortion & artifacts; assesses for variations in the shape of the displayed image from the original (distortions appear blurry)

Reflection: AAPM TG18 - AD

• evaluates how ambient light affects ability to see structures on the monitor

• ideally, the light intensity from the monitor is the only light it produces, as additional lights can degrade the ability to see clearly

• monthly or quarterly

Display Luminance: when viewed at perpendicular angle

• assesses the displayed luminance values vs the input values from the display system

• max luminance > 171 cd/m²

• monthly or quarterly

Luminance Dependencies: AAPM TG18-UNL10(A) and TG18UNL80 (B)

• this test evaluates the image for non-uniformity and effects of viewing at different angles

• monthly or quarterly

Display Spatial Resolution: AAPM TG18-QC & AAPM TG18-CX

assesses the system’s ability to display images of different parts of an image with high fidelity - sharpness

• measures in Lp/mm

• monthly or quarterly

Display Noise: AAPM TG18-AFC

• pattern contains large number of regions with changing target positions with constant size and contrast

• looks at white dot series and visibility

• monthly or quarterly

1-megapixel (Mp)

general viewing monitor minimum requirement (like tech displays)

2 Mp

general radiologist interpretation/quality control min. requirement

5 Mp

interpretation of digital mammograms min. requirement

veiling glare

light that is scattered inside the display monitor that negatively affects image quality

chromaticity

is whether a color monitor’s display is uniform, or uniformly gray across the test pattern