Human Development: Exam 2 Open responses

What is child maltreatment?

Child abuse or neglect that can harm a child's development.

What are possible effects of child maltreatment?

Aggression, isolation, difficulty trusting others, relationship problems, and long-term economic consequences.

What is primary prevention? Give an example.

Prevents maltreatment before it occurs; example: parenting education or positive-discipline training.

What is secondary prevention? Give an example.

Identifies and addresses risk factors early; example: screening and connecting at-risk families with services.

What is tertiary prevention? Give an example.

Reduces further harm after maltreatment; example: child protection, therapy, and family support.

What could a child maltreatment intervention program include?

Parenting classes, mental health care, stress management, food and childcare assistance, and child support services.

What five functions should a functional family fulfill?

• Physical necessities

• Learning

• Pride/self-esteem

• Peer relationships/social skills

• Harmony/stability

How does a family support physical necessities?

By providing basic needs such as food, shelter, and safety.

How does a family support learning?

By helping children develop knowledge, skills, and appropriate behaviors.

How does a family support pride and self-esteem?

By helping members feel valued and develop confidence.

How does a family support peer relationships?

By teaching social skills needed to build relationships with others.

How does a family provide harmony and stability?

By providing a stable environment with support and healthy interactions.

Does family structure alone determine whether a family is functional?

No. What matters is whether the family meets members' needs and provides support and stability.

What is Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Intelligence involves several distinct abilities rather than just one general ability.

Why did Gardner develop his theory?

To challenge the idea that one general intelligence score fully describes a person's abilities.

What is linguistic intelligence? Give an example.

Using language effectively; example: writing essays or stories.

What is logical-mathematical intelligence? Give an example.

Reasoning and solving problems; example: completing complex math problems.

What is spatial intelligence? Give an example.

Visualizing objects and space; example: reading maps or designing objects.

What is musical intelligence? Give an example.

Recognizing musical patterns; example: identifying melodies or playing an instrument.

What is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence? Give an example.

Using body movements skillfully; example: dancing, sports, or surgery.

What is interpersonal intelligence? Give an example.

Understanding other people; example: recognizing emotions and working well in teams.

What is intrapersonal intelligence? Give an example.

Understanding yourself; example: recognizing your strengths and emotions.

What is naturalistic intelligence? Give an example.

Recognizing and classifying nature; example: identifying plants, animals, or rocks.

What is spiritual/existential intelligence? Give an example.

Reflecting on existence and meaning; example: considering life's purpose.

What is the difference between interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence?

Interpersonal means understanding other people; intrapersonal means understanding yourself.