Internet Fundamentals, Networks, and Protocols Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering computing devices, networks, IP addressing, routing, redundancy, TCP, and UDP based on the provided lecture slides.

Basic Requirements for Internet Communication

The three essential elements needed to communicate over the Internet: Computers, Connections, and Communication Rules.

Computing Device

A machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors.

Computing Network

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data for a common purpose.

Computing System

A group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose, relying on computing devices and a computing network.

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system.

Metadata

Data that describes data.

Internet Protocol (IP)

A protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device.

Open Protocol

Publicly available rules that tell devices how to communicate with each other.

Open Standard

A technical standard that is publicly available and can be used by anyone.

IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

IPv4

The fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP) that uses a numerical address with four sections ranging from 0 to 255, providing about 4.2 billion possible addresses.

IPv6

The sixth version of the Internet Protocol (IP) that uses 128 bits written as 8 groups of hexadecimal numbers to provide about 340 undecillion possible addresses.

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network.

Path

The series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

Routing

The process of finding a path from sender to receiver.

Redundancy

The inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, such as having more than one path between connected devices in a network.

Fault Tolerant

The ability of a system to continue to function even in the event of individual component failures.

Scalability

The capacity for a system to change in size and scale to meet new demands.

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

Datastream

Information passed through the Internet in packets.

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A protocol for sending packets that performs error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets.