Muscles of the Head and Neck

Vocabulary flashcards detailing the origins, insertions, and actions of the neck muscles, facial muscles, and muscles of mastication from Table 14.1.

Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior)

A: Flexes and rotates neck, elevates ribs 1 and 2 O: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae I: Ribs 1 and 2

Sternocleidomastoid

A: One: rotates and extends neck; both: flex neck O: Manubrium and medial clavicle I: Mastoid process, superior nuchal line

Sternohyoid

A: Depresses hyoid O: Manubrium of sternum I: Hyoid

Sternothyroid

A: Depresses larynx O: Manubrium of sternum I: Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Omohyoid

A: Depresses and fixes hyoid O: Superior border of scapula I: Hyoid

Digastric

A: Elevates, protracts, and retracts hyoid; depresses mandible O: Mastoid process of temporal (posterior belly) I: Mandible near midline (anterior belly)

Mylohyoid

A: Elevates floor of mouth and tongue O: Body of mandible I: Hyoid

Platysma

A: Depresses lower lip O: Fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid I: Skin over inferior border of mandible

Frontalis

A: Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly O: Epicranial aponeurosis I: Skin superior to orbit

Occipitalis

A: Draws scalp posteriorly O: Occipital bone I: Epicranial aponeurosis

Orbicularis oculi

A: Closes eye O: Frontal bone, maxilla I: Skin of eyelid

Orbicularis oris

A: Closes lips O: Fascia of facial muscles, maxilla, and mandible I: Skin of lips

Corrugator supercilii

A: Depresses and pulls eyebrows together O: Nasal bridge, orbicularis oculi I: Skin of eyebrow

Zygomaticus (major and minor)

A: Elevates and abducts upper lip O: Zygomatic bone I: Muscle and skin at angle of mouth

Risorius

A: Abducts corner of mouth O: Fascia of masseter, platysma I: Skin at angle of orbicularis oris

Mentalis

A: Elevates lower lip O: Mandible I: Skin of chin

Buccinator

A: Retracts angle of mouth, flattens cheek O: Maxilla, mandible I: Orbicularis oris at angle of mouth

Depressor labii inferioris

A: Depresses lower lip O: Lower border of mandible I: Skin of lower lip, orbicularis oris

Levator labii superioris

A: Elevates upper lip O: Maxilla I: Skin and orbicularis oris of upper lip

Temporalis

A: Elevates and retracts mandible O: Temporal fossa I: Coronoid process, mandibular ramus

Masseter

A: Elevates and protracts mandible O: Zygomatic arch I: Lateral ramus of mandible

Pterygoids (medial and lateral)

A: Protracts, elevates, and depresses mandible (for chewing) O: Pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone I: Medial ramus and condylar process of mandible