PEDs: Stuff I need to remeber!

Infants

1 month to 1 year

Trust vs. Mistrust

Sensorimotor stage

One of the most important time frames for development

Toddlers

1-3 years

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Sensorimotor stage to Preoperational stage

Large leaps in developmental and speech milestones

Preschoolers

3-5 years

Initiative Vs. Guilt

Preoperational stage

Learning how to be themselves

School age

6-12 years

Industry vs inferiority

Concrete operational

Initiation of independent decision making

Adolescent

13-18 years

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Formal operational

Infant — Trust vs. Mistrust

Develops when caregivers consistently meet the infant’s needs, creating a sense of safety and security.

Vs.

Develops when needs are not consistently met, leading to insecurity and anxiety.

Ex: “Can I trust you?”

Toddler — Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Develops when the toddler is encouraged to be independent, make choices, and do things for themselves.

Vs.

Develops when independence is overly restricted or criticized, causing the child to doubt their abilities.

Ex: “I DO IT!”

Preschooler — Initiative vs. Guilt

Develops when the child is encouraged to try new activities, make plans, and take action.

Vs.

Develops when their attempts at independence or initiative are overly discouraged, causing hesitation.

Ex: “Let me TRY!”

School Age — Industry vs. Inferiority

Develops when the child learns skills, completes tasks, and feels capable and accomplished.

Vs.

Develops when the child feels unsuccessful or incapable compared with others, lowering confidence.

Ex: “Look what I can DO!”

Adolescent — Identity vs. Role Confusion

Develops as the adolescent figures out who they are and develops their own beliefs, goals, and sense of self.

Vs.

Occurs when the adolescent struggles to establish a clear sense of who they are or their role.

Ex: “WHO AM I?”

Sensorimotor

Learns about the world through senses and movement. Develops object permanence, meaning they understand an object still exists even when they cannot see it.

Ex: “I SEE it, TOUCH it, MOVE it!”

Preoperational

Develops symbolic thinking and imagination, but still has difficulty with complex abstract thinking.

Ex: “I can PRETEND!”

Concrete Operational

Begins using logical thinking, especially about things and situations that are concrete/real. Understands concepts such as time, space, and quantity.

Ex: “If I can SEE it, I can THINK it through.

Formal Operational

Develops abstract and hypothetical thinking and can use logic, reasoning, strategy, and planning.

Ex: “What IF...?”

Infant

Sensorimotor

Toddler

Sensorimotor → Preoperational

Preschooler

Preoperational

School age

Concrete Operational

Adolescent

Formal Operational

Infant

Trust vs. Mistrust

Toddler

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Preschooler

Initiative vs. Guilt

School Age

Industry vs. Inferiority

Adolescent

Identity vs. Role Confusion