Ribosomes and protein synthesis
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14 Terms
what is the function of mRNA?
carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
what is the function of tRNA?
act as adaptors which bring specific amino acids to ribosome
what is the function of the small subunit of a ribosome?
it decodes the genetic information from mRNA
what is the function of the large subunit of a ribosome?
catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids which forms a polypeptide chain
what are the 3 binding sites for tRNA?
A- aminoacyl
P- peptidyl
E- exit site
how many binding sites does a ribosome have for RNA?
4
what happens at a stop codon?
the two subunits separate
what is added to the 5’ end of mRNA?
a nucleotide caps the end
what is splicing?
removing introns from the mRNA strand
what are the 3 ways in which transcription is regulated?
initiation
elongation
termination and editing
what is the promotor region of DNA?
a specific area which facilitates transcription
includes specialised nucleotide sequence
what is polyadenylation?
adding a sequence of adenine nucleotides (poly-A tail) to the 3’ end of the mRNA
what is the transcriptome?
the full collection of mRNA molecules in a cell at a specific time
how many nucleotides long is each tRNA?
~80