Puritans in New England and Native American Relations

Flashcards covering the history, theological tenets, and colonial interactions of the Puritans in New England as detailed in the lecture transcript.

What was the main religious objective of the Puritans regarding the Church of England?

To purify the Church of England of its remaining Catholic elements, ceremonies, and music.

Which English university was known as a hotbed for Puritan doctrine, in contrast to Oxford University?

Cambridge University was known for Puritan doctrine, whereas Oxford remained associated with the High Church.

Who introduced the 'Protestant ethic thesis' in 1904-1905, arguing that Calvinist Protestantism provided the foundations for modern capitalism?

Max Weber.

How did Puritans view the concept of work?

They viewed work as a moral duty and a 'calling' to please God, believing that economic success was a sign of spiritual success.

Why did Puritans oppose theater and plays?

They distrusted acting and composture, preferring genuine self-scrutiny, and believed theater promoted hypocrisy.

What are the five key tenets of Calvinist/Puritan doctrine represented by the acronym TULIP?

Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, and Perseverance of the saints.

What is the concept of predestination within Puritan belief?

The belief (unconditional election) that God has already determined before a person is born whether they are selected for salvation.

What was the Puritan primer?

A reading book created to teach children early stages of reading using religious and Puritan themes.

In what year was the Massachusetts Bay Company chartered?

1628.

What famous sermon was given by John Winthrop in 1630, setting forth the foundational vision of a 'city upon a hill'?

A Model of Christian Charity.

Roughly what percentage of total English out-migration between 1630 and 1640 consisted of Puritans moving to New England?

About 10% (approximately 25,000 people).

Who was the Wampanoag leader who brokered a mutual defense treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621?

Massasoit.

Who was the Native American interpreter and cultural broker who previously traveled to England and spoke fluent English?

Squanto.

How did the Native American concept of land ownership (usufruct) differ from the English model (freehold)?

Usufruct meant shared, communal use rights based on seasonal needs, whereas freehold meant absolute, permanent private ownership.

What were 'praying towns' in 17th-century New England?

Organized Native American communities where inhabitants converted to Christianity and adopted English customs.

What English name was given to Metacom, the ruler of the Wampanoag who became leader in 1662?

King Philip.

What specific incident sparked the beginning of King Philip's War in 1675?

The arrest, trial, and execution in Plymouth of three Wampanoag men for the murder of John Sassamon.

What percentage of the total population died during King Philip's War, making it the bloodiest war in American history per capita?

13%.

Who published a famous 1682 captivity narrative detailing her abduction during King Philip's War?

Mary Rowlandson.