The Language Of Medicine Chapter 22

anxi/o

uneasy, anxious, distressed

anxiolytic

A drug that is used for relief of anxiety; a mild tranquilizer

aut/o

self

autism

Developmental disorder characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills

hallucin/o

hallucination, to wander in the mind

hypnosis

Condition or state of altered consciousness in which there is increased responsiveness to commands and suggestions

ment/o

mind

mental

pertaining to the mind

neur/o

nerve

neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger that stimulates or inhibits another cell

paraphilia

A psychosexual disorder in which sexual arousal is dependent on bizarre fantasies or acts involving use of a nonhuman object or suffering and humiliation of a human

psychogenic

originating in the mind

-leptic

to seize hold of

neuroleptic drug

drugs that reduce nervous activity; another term for antipsychotic drugs. any drug that favorable modifies psychotic symptoms.

kleptomania

a continual urge to steal regardless of the economic motive.

-phobia

fear, (irrational and often disabling)

xenophobia

fear of strangers

-phoria

feeling, bearing

euthymic

feeling well

a-, an-

no, not

cata-

down

catatonia

characterized by immobility or rigidity

hypochondiasis

A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

para-

abnormal

paranoia

overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusions that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated

psychiatrist

Physician specializing in treating mental illness.

psychologist, psychiatric nurse, licensed clinical social worker

nonphysician professionals trained in the treatment of mental illness

psychoanalyst

therapist who practices psychoanalysis

forensic psychiatry

branch of psychiatry dealing with legal matters

id

unconscious part of the personality

ego

conscious, coordinating part of the personality

superego

conscience or moral part of the personality

reality

psychological process used to distinguish fact from fantasy testing

defense

unconscious technique used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety

clinical

branch of psychology dealing with patient care.

mutism

nonreactive state of excessive excitability; agitation

mania

state of excessive excitability; agitation

amnesia

loss of memory

compulsion

uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

obsession

persistent idea, emotion, or urge

anxiety

feelings of apprehension, uneasiness, dread

dissociation

uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real object and redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern

conversion

anxiety becomes a bodily symptom that has no organic basis

apathy

absence of emotions; lack of motivation or emotional involvement

delusion

fixed false belieft that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

hallucination

false or unreal sensory perception

dysphoria

sadness, hopelessness, unpleasant feeling

euphoria

exaggerated feeling of well being ("high")

amnesia

loss of memory

paranoia

suspcious system of thinking ; fixed delusion that one is being treated unfairly or harassed

psychosis

loss of contact with reality; often delusions and hallucinations

iatrogenic

pertaining to a disorder caused by a treatment

phobia

irrational fear (avoidance) of an object or situation

agoraphobia

fear of leaving one's home or a safe place

labile

unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change; fluctuating

affect

expression of emotion

dissociative disorder

Disturbance of memory and identity that hides the anxiety of unconscious conflicts is

anxiety disorder

Troubled feelings, unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior describe a/an

substance related disorder

An illness related to regular use of drugs and alchohol is a/an

eating disorder

Bulimia nervosa is an example of a/an

sexual disorder

A disorder involving paraphilias is a/an

mood disorder

An illness marked by prolonged emotions (mania and depression) is a/an

somatoform disorder

A mental disorder in which physical symptoms cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder

personality disorder

A lifelong personality pattern that is inflexible and causes distress, conflict, and impairment of social functioning is a/an

dementia

Loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgement, and reasoning is

delirium

Confusion in thinking with faulty perceptions and irrational behavior is

obsessive-compulsive disorder

recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts that dominate a person's behavior

post-traumatic stress disorder

anxiety related symptoms appear after exposure to personal experience of a traumatic event

bipolar disorder

alternating periods of mania and depression

fugue

amnesia with flight from customary surroundings. example of a dissociative disorder

cannabis

marijuana, hashish; active substance in marijuana; THC

schizophrenia

psychosis marked by a split from reality; disorganized thinking and behavior

sexual sadism

achievement of sexual gratification by inflicting physical or psychological pain

hypochondriasis

preoccupation with bodily aches, pains and discomforts (in the absence of real illness)

pervasive developmental disorder

autism

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder marked by excessive dieting because of emotional factors

bulimia nervosa

eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by vomiting, purging and depression

repression

a defense mechanism by which unacceptale thoughts, feelings and impulses are pushed into the unconscious

hypomania

mood disordr resembling mania (exaggerated excitement, hyperactivity) but of lesser intensity

hallucinogen

drug that produces hallucinations (false sensory perceptions)

opioids

drugs that are derived from opium (morphine and heroin)

cocaine

stimulant drug that causes euphoria and hallucinations

cyclothymic disorder

alternating periods of hypomania and depressive episodes of lesser intensity than with bipolar illness.

dysthymia

depressed mood persisting over a 2 year period but not as severe as a major depression.

histrioinic

flamboyant, theatrical, emotionally immature

antisocial

no loyalty or concern for others; does not tolerate frustration and blames others when he or she is at fault

narissistic

fantasies of success and power and grandiose sense of self importance

paranoid

pervasive, unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust of people

schizoid

emotionally cold, aloof, indifferent to praise or criticism or to the feelings of others

borderline

instability in personal relationships and sense of self; alternating over involvement with and rejection of people.

psychodrama

Patients express feelings by acting out roles with other patients

play therapy

Toys help a child express conflicts and feelings

behavioral therapy

Conditioning changes actual behavior patterns rather than focusing on subconscious thoughts and feelings

sexual therapy

Techniques help patients overcome sexual dysfunctions

electroconvulsive therapy

Electrical current is applied to the brain to reverse major depression

psychopharmacology, or drug therapy

Agents (chemicals) relieve symptoms of psychiatric disorders

insight oriented psychotherapy

Face to face discussion of life's problems and associated feelings

supportive psychotherapy

offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events

MAO inhibitors

Antidepressant agents that work by blocking the action of a specific enzyme

phenothiazines

Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) tranquilizers such as Thorazine are