PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Matter

Anything that has mass and volume.

Atom

The smallest indivisible particle that makes up matter.

Molecule

Particles made up of two or more atoms that are chemically combined.

Ion

A particle or group of particles that are charged.

Anion

A negatively charged ion.

Cation

A positively charged ion.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces that exist between particles, which can be attractive or repulsive.

Particulate Nature of Matter

The concept that matter is composed of discrete particles, which cannot be further divided.

Discontinuity of Matter

The principle that matter cannot be divided further once the ultimate particle (atom) is obtained.

Kinetic Energy

The energy a particle possesses due to its motion.

Phase Change

A change in the arrangement of particles in matter that occurs with temperature variations.

Ancient Philosophers

Greek thinkers who speculated about the nature of matter before experimental validation.

Four Primal Elements

The ancient concept that matter is made up of four elements: water, air, fire, and earth.

Continuity of Matter

The principle stating that matter can be broken down into smaller parts, but its smallest parts cannot be isolated.

Temperature Effect on Matter

Increasing temperature results in a gain in energy and motion of particles.

Arrangement of Particles

The specific way in which particles are organized in solids, liquids, and gases.

Motion of Particles

Particles in matter are in constant motion, influenced by the arrangement and energy.