US History Unit 2 Exam

Dominant idea of the French & Indian War

Who is the dominant nationality of this land?

Royal Proclamation of 1763

The act that declared that the English settlers were not allowed to dwell west of the Appalachian mountain range

Sugar Act

Reduced value of molasses

Currency Act

Banned the printing of money in the colonies, so the colonists relied on fiat notes/promissory notes as theirm currency

Stamp Act

Requires colonists to pay a tax on over 50 items ; the first time Britain directly taxed the colonists

Quartering Act

Required colonists to provide food and shelter for British soldiers

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

The boycott of all British goods ; colonists pushing for representation

First meeting of the Continental Congress

September 5th, 1774 ; voted to boycott and stop exporting British goods, voted on declaration of personal right to life, liberty, property, and personal militia

Impressment

Taking prisoners and forcing them to fight in the military

Casualty

Military person who is unable to engage in war due to death, wounds, MIA

American Militia

Not formally trained and wildcards in battle

Minuteman

Best of the American militia, trained to quick-strike, more routine training

Hessians

A rented army from Germany that fought alongside the British regulars

Article of Confederation

The 1st temporary constitution of the United States

War of Attrition

A form of warfare where the goal is to win by exhausting the enemy

Palm Trees

The unlikely hero of the Battle of Sullivan’s Island

When was Independance declared?

The Declaration was written on July 2nd, 1776 and finalized on July 4th, 1776

How many soldiers did George Washington lose in the winter of 1776

He began with 28,000 men and by the end of the winter, was left with only 3,000 men

When was the Battle of Saratoga?

September 19th (Freeman’s Farm) through October 7th, 1777 (Bemis Heights)

Why was the Battle of Saratoga the turning point in the war?

It was the first time that the British surrendered their army ; General Burgoyne surrendered his entire army of over 5,000 men

What made Nathanael Greene’s war approach different?

He used guerilla war tactics and repeated retreating to force the British army to chase his smaller groups of soldiers

When was the Battle of Yorktown?

September 28th through October 19th, 1781

Treaty of Paris

Signed on September 3rd, 1783 and marked the offical end of the American Revolution

Confederation

A system where the states agree to form a national government but maintain national sovereignty

Abolitionist

The mission of ending slavery ; not the belief in equality

Which state was considered the most democratic?

Pennsylvania

Did the Articles of Confederation allow taxation?

They did not allow taxation

Who was the first enslaved woman to purchase her freedom?

Elizabeth Freeman

Federalist

Those who wanted to ratify the Constitution and desired a strong, centralized federal government

Anti-Federalist

Those who wanted a state-based government; feared an absolute monarchy

James Madison

Known as the Father of the Constitution ; wanted proportional representation

New Jersey Plan

State-based government ; one vote per state

The Virginia/Madison Plan

Federal-based government

General Pinckney’s perspective on slavery

He argued that if slavery was not protected in the Constitution, he would vote against it

Vice President

The tie breaker

House of Representatives

Holds the power of the purse aka determines all funding ; holds the power of impeachment

The Senators

State appointed; 2 per state

Slavery Compromise

The ratification of the Constitution that allowed the slave-owning states to continue owning slaves until 1808

The leaders of the Federalist group

Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

The leaders of the Anti-Federalist group

Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and George Mason

The Bill Of Rights

Prohibits the federal government from infringing on the individual rights of the people

Where were most of the Federalists located?

New England and the mid-Atlantic states

Where were the Anti-Federalists (Democratic-Republican) located?

Largely in the southern and rural states

First Amendment

Protects freedom of religion, speech, the press, peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government.

Second Amendment

Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms as part of a well-regulated militia

Third Amendment

Restricts the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent during peacetime.

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures and requires warrants to be supported by probable cause.

Fifth Amendment

Guarantees due process, protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy, grand jury indictments for capital crimes, and just compensation for private property taken for public use.

Sixth Amendment

Ensures the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury, legal counsel, and the ability to confront witnesses in criminal cases.

Seventh Amendment

Provides for the right to a jury trial in civil cases at common law involving amounts exceeding twenty dollars.

Eighth Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

Ninth Amendment

Clarifies that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not mean people do not retain other unwritten rights

Tenth Amendment

Reserves powers not delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, to the states or to the people