Who were the Progressives?

Module 4

Progressives

advocate for government involvement

largely urban

Interventionism

government must step in yo restore order and protect freedom

The Populists

control monopolies, limit corporations, and increase citizens’ role in government

largely rural

The Pragmatism

a movement in philosophy that distrusts DOGMA, favors experimentation, and practical experience

The Social Gospel

movement within christianity

christians must work for social justice, particularly among the poor

Walker Rauschenbusch is key theorist

opposite of social darwinism

The Muckrakers

investigative journalists write exposes on government and business corruption

ex. The Jungle → an expose written by Sinclair on the meatpacking in Chicago

Good Government Progressives

seek to reform city and state governments to limit role of entrenched political machines and moneyed interests

commission governments

call for government that is efficiently organized and responsive to the needs of its people

direct primary electrions

the 17th amendment

direct election of senators

an initiative

something proposed to help citizens lives

women and settlement house movement

the idea that the city and community is just a larger home and must be protected and nurtured. Community housing opened for immigrants and the poor to offer education, childcare, and employment opportunities

dominated by women and female activism

Jane Addams

part of the women and settlement house movement in chicago

New Women

college educated women who still couldnt participate in careers. typically became social and political advocates

Conservation

goal to regulate human use of nature, emphasize efficient use of resources, reconcile the maintenance of nature with the needs of business and society

Preservationism

the goal to eliminate human impact on nature altogether, believing in preserving the wilderness, protecting nature from human encroachment

What are the three government progressivisms

good government progressivism

settlement house movement

environmentalism

social control

regulating certain behaviors in the interest of morality, health, or good order

prohibition

the ban of sale and consumption of alcohol

supported by women’s christian temperance union (WCTU)

the 18th amendment

the legal prohibition of alcohol

prostitution

named a public health crisis as well as an issue of female cirtue

juvenile delinquency

changing the notion that children are not small adults and are in need of rehabilitation not punishment

health reform

nurses would visit homes and offer instruction in health and sanitation

• childrearing, nutrition, cleanliness

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

still largest labor union in the US

forged ties with corporate leaders who see an acceptance of collective bargaining as key to avoid labor strife of the gilded age

Samuel Gompers

The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

the Wobblies

radical alternative to AFL → accepted unskilled labor, women, immigrants, and African Americans

Big Bill dubbed the most dangerous man in america

The Socialist Party

free education, protective legislation for labor, public ownership of railroads and factories

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican

the Trust Buster and believes that monopolized companies ruined america

environmentalism → expanded national parks, approves dams, reservoirs, and canals

Square deal and Pure Food and Drugs Act

hates extremism, seeks moderation, order, efficiency, reform is preferable to revolution

Pure Food and Drugs Act 1906

regulates sale and marketing of products

William Howard Taft

republican

imitates more anti-truts suits than roosevelt

known to be weak and ineffective

Woodrow Wilson

Similar views to Roosevelts Progressivism

New Freedom

• society of small business

• the government ensures open competition and individual freedom

• Trusts pose a major threat to this competition and freedom

Graduated income tax

federal reserve system

federal trade commission

introduced 8hr business days, outlawed child labor, adds workmen’s compensation for federal employees

14 points

Birth of Feminism

emphasize equal rights, self development, sexual and economic independence

reject special treatment and protection

Charlotte Perkin Gilman

known for “women need economic independence”

“Mother Jones”

was a labor organizer who hated marriage

Emma Goldman

anarchist, critic of traditional marriage, supporter of sexual equality

Margaret Sanger

trained nurse

coined birth control

women have a right to sexual pleasure and the right to determine when to have a child

fights laws that make it a rime to sell birth control or provide information

Alice Paul

feminist and suffragist

founds National Women’s Party

arrested at white house for protest

reject arguments stressing female domesticity. women deserve the right to vote based on their equality as citizens

suffrage and the south

race is central focus of suffrage

many southern women oppose suffrage and defended women’s traditional roles, even as they were active in public sphere

19th Amendment

the right of citizens of the united states to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex