(Car) System 1 - 101

fuel

a substance, such as petrol or diesel, burned to produce power.

ignite

to set something on fire, or to start burning.

carburetor

a device that mixes air and fuel in the correct ratio before it enters the engine.

charcoal

a black, carbon-rich material, e.g. used inside a canister to absorb fuel vapours.

exhaust

the burnt gases released from an engine, or the system that carries them away.

muffler

a device fitted to the exhaust that reduces engine noise.

catalytic converter

a device that reduces harmful pollutants in exhaust gases through a chemical reaction.

manifold

a pipe or chamber with several openings, used to collect or distribute gas.

choke plate

a valve in a carburetor that restricts airflow to enrich the fuel mixture for cold starts.

funnel

a cone-shaped tool with a narrow tube, used to pour liquid into a small opening.

full throttle

the maximum, fully open position of the throttle, giving maximum power.

great velocity

very high speed.

atomize

to break a liquid into a fine spray of tiny droplets.

draw in

to pull something inward, e.g. air into an engine.

yielding

giving way under pressure; not rigid.

pivot

a central point on which something turns or balances.

flap

a flat piece that can swing or hinge to open or close an opening.

primary

main or most important; first in order.

gauge

an instrument that measures and displays a quantity, e.g. fuel or pressure.

submersible

designed to operate while under a liquid, e.g. a submersible fuel pump.

vapor

a substance in gas form, especially one that is usually liquid.

strain

to filter out solid particles by passing a liquid through a fine mesh.

baffle

a plate or screen that controls or redirects the flow of gas, liquid, or sound.

sophisticated

complex and highly developed.

carbureted

fitted with a carburetor rather than fuel injection.

contaminate

to make something impure by adding an unwanted substance.

pleated paper

paper folded into a zigzag pattern, e.g. inside a filter, to increase surface area.

contaminants

unwanted substances that make something impure or dirty.

revolution

one complete turn of a rotating part.

compounds

substances made by combining two or more different elements or materials.

baffle

a plate or screen that controls or redirects the flow of gas, liquid, or sound.

trap sound

to catch or contain sound so it doesn't escape, reducing noise.

auger

a tool with a helical (spiral) blade, used for boring holes or moving material.

indignant

feeling or showing anger because of something considered unfair.

shank

the long, narrow middle part of a tool, screw, or bolt.

disperse

to spread out or scatter over a wide area.

coolant

a liquid circulated through an engine to absorb and remove excess heat.

excess

an amount more than what is needed or usual.

copper

a reddish-brown metal known for conducting heat and electricity well.

conduct

to allow heat or electricity to pass through.

thus

as a result; therefore.

freon gas

a brand name for a refrigerant gas used in air-conditioning systems.

intercooler

a device that cools compressed air from a turbocharger before it enters the engine.

thermostat

a device that regulates temperature by opening or closing as the temperature changes.

steady

staying constant and even, without sudden changes.

pellet

a small, hard, compressed ball of a substance, e.g. inside a catalytic converter.

rod

a thin, straight bar, e.g. connecting two moving parts.

impeller

a rotating part with blades, used to move fluid, e.g. in a water pump.

pulley

a wheel with a groove around it, used with a belt to transmit motion.

hose

a flexible tube that carries liquid or gas.

reinforcement

extra material or support added to strengthen something.

kinking

forming a tight, sharp bend that restricts flow.

trickle

to flow slowly in a thin stream.

freon

a brand name for a refrigerant gas used in air-conditioning systems.

clamps

devices that hold two things tightly together.

hose clamp

a metal band used to fasten a hose securely onto a fitting.

duct

a tube or channel through which air or fluid is carried.

bump

a raised, uneven part on a surface, or a light knock or collision.

swerve

to suddenly change direction to avoid something.

rough road

a road surface that is uneven or bumpy.

sharp turn

a sudden, tight change in direction.

adversely

in a harmful or unfavourable way.

beam

a long, sturdy piece of material used as a structural support.

welded

joined together by melting and fusing metal parts.

fenders

the parts of a car's body that cover the wheels.

rigid

stiff and not easily bent.

absorb

to take in or soak up, e.g. force or vibration.

twist

to turn or bend something out of its normal shape.

cushion

to soften the effect of an impact or force.

insulate

to cover or surround something to prevent the passage of heat, sound, or electricity.

equalize

to make equal or even.

distortion

a change from the normal, correct shape or form.

pivot

a central point on which something turns or balances.

forging

a way of shaping metal by heating and hammering or pressing it.

dampen

to reduce the force or intensity of a movement, e.g. a vibration.

determining

deciding or establishing something exactly.

strut

a suspension part combining a spring and shock absorber, supporting the vehicle's weight.

special kind

a particular type distinct from the usual one.

incorporate

to include something as part of a whole.

groove

a long, narrow cut or channel in a surface.

rack

a straight, toothed bar that meshes with a small gear to convert rotary motion into straight-line motion.

pinion

a small gear that meshes with a larger gear or a toothed rack.

hinge

a jointed device that allows a part to swing or rotate.

alignment

the correct positioning of parts in relation to each other.

zerk fitting

a small fitting that lets a grease gun inject grease into a bearing or joint.

tire

the rubber ring, usually filled with air, that fits around a wheel rim.

wheel

a circular frame that turns on an axle, allowing a vehicle to move.

rim

the outer metal ring of a wheel, onto which the tire is mounted.

disperse

to spread out or scatter over a wide area.

friction pads

the pads on a disc brake that press against the rotor to slow the wheel.

skid

to slide uncontrollably, especially on a slippery surface.

caliper

the part of a disc brake that holds the friction pads and presses them against the rotor.

sensitive

reacting strongly or quickly to small changes.

regulate

to control or adjust something to keep it at a required level.

ensure

to make certain that something happens.

amplify

to increase the size, strength, or intensity of something.

rotor

the flat metal disc that a brake caliper presses against to slow a wheel.

caliper

the part of a disc brake that holds the friction pads and presses them against the rotor.

friction pad

a pad on a disc brake that presses against the rotor to slow the wheel.

wheel spokes

the thin bars connecting the centre (hub) of a wheel to its outer rim.