AP gov Courtcase

Reynolds v US

1st amendment did not protect religious practices (in this case, polygamy) that violated the law. (1st amendment free exercise)

Barron v Baltimore

The Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities. (5th amendment eminent domain)

McCulloch v Maryland

Strengthened federal authority; States are unable to tax federal institutions (supremacy clause)

New York Times v. US

Pentagon Papers were printed in the newspaper and this was ruled okay. Classified docs can be printed in the paper (1st amendment)

Citizens United v FEC

The government cannot place limits on independent spending for political purposes that are given by corporations and unions. (Led to SuperPACs) (1st amendment)

Miranda v Arizona

Miranda warnings must be given before questioning (5th amendment right to remain silent)

Engel v Vitale

Prohibited state-sponsored prayer in public schools (1st amendment establishment clause)

US v Lopez

The Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce (state's rights victory) (10th amendment / commerce clause

Tinker v Des Moines

Students have the right to protest (wore armbands to protest Vietnam War) (1st amendment)

Baker v Carr

"one man one vote" (districts need to be equal in population size) (14th equal protection)

Roe v Wade

Established national abortion guidelines: Trimester guidelines (9th amendment privacy)

Shaw v Reno

No racial gerrymandering; race can't play huge factor in district lines (14th amendment equal protection)

Obergefell v Hodges

Right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples in all states (14th equal protection)

Brown v Board

You can't segregate public schools. Overturned Plessy. (14th, equal protection)

McDonald v Chicago

States/local gov can't ban guns outright (2nd amendment via the 14th)

Plessy v Ferguson

Established the "Separate but Equal" doctrine that allowed for accommodations to be racially segregated as long as they were did not violate the Equal Protection Clause (14th Equal Protection Clause.

Marbury v Madison

First case to use judicial review. (established it) (Article 3)

Texas v Johnson

Burning the flag is protected under the 1st Amendment as a form of free speech (1st amendment symbolic speech)

Gideon v Wainwright

State courts are required to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys (6th amendment)

Wisconsin v Yoder

Amish don't have to send their kids to school after 8th grade (led to homeschool movement) (1st amendment free exercise)

US v Nixon

President cannot use executive privilege to withhold information to cover up a crime; no person is above the law (no constitutional justification needed)

Schenck v US

Freedom of speech can be limited when speech affects national security (fire in a theater); clear and present danger (1st amendment)

Mapp v Ohio

Evidence obtained without a warrant cannot be used against you in court; Established the exclusionary rule (4th amendment)

Students for Fair Admission V Harvard

Affirmative Action is unconstitutional for college (14th amendment Equal Protection)

Dobbs V Jackson

Overturned Roe v Wade, returning authority to regulate or prohibit abortion to individual states.

Gitlow v New York

First amendment for speech first time apply to the states which create the selective corporation (1st amendment via 14 amendment)