Different Types of Mutation

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6 Terms

1
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Point Mutations

One nucleotide is changed

  • Polypeptide sequence COULD change (it depends)


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Indel Mutations

Insertion or deletion of one or more bases

3
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Silent Mutation

1 base changed

  • HAS NO EFFECT ON PROTEIN SEQUENCE


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Missense Mutation:

1 base is changed

Amino Acid that is incorporated is changed

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Nonsense Mutation

Stops prematurely that encodes and early stop codon

  • Truncated polypeptide (shorter/won’t function correctly)


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Frameshift Mutation

Insertion/deletion of 1-2 (or any non-multiple of 3) nucleotides in a coding region, shifting the reading frame of the ribosome

  • All codons downstream of frameshift are impacted, so the sequence is likely very different than wild-type

  • If the polypeptide is still synthesized it is likely nonfunctional


Frameshift Mutations: 

  • Read in multiples of three 

  • Shifts the reading frame when insertion and deletion happen 

  • Polypeptides are drastically being different 

  • These will encode different polypeptides 

  • Compare to wild type sequence and see that there is a different number of bases = frameshift mutations